Updated on 2026/03/07

写真a

 
MATSUURA MASAHIRO
 
Organization
Professional Graduate School Graduate School of Governance Studies Professor
Title
Professor
Other name(s)
Masa
External link

Research Interests

  • 熟議民主主義

  • sustainability transition

  • transition management

  • 合意形成

  • 交渉学

Research Areas

  • Social infrastructure (civil Engineering, architecture,disaster prevention) / Architectural and city planning

  • Environmental science/Agricultural science / Environmental policy and society  / Consensus building

  • Humanities & social sciences / Politics

  • Social infrastructure (civil Engineering, architecture,disaster prevention) / Civil engineering (planning and transportation)

Education

  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology   Department of Urban Studies and Planning

    2002.9 - 2006.9

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  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology   Department of Urban Studies and Planning

    1996.9 - 1998.6

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  • The University of Tokyo   Faculty of Engineering   Department of Civil Engineering

    1992.4 - 1996.3

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    Country/Region: Japan

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Research History

  • Meiji University   Professional Graduate School of Governance Studies   Professor

    2016.4

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    Country/Region:Japan

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  • University of Tokyo Graduate School of Public Policy Associate Professor (Project)

    2008.11 - 2016.3

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  • University of Tokyo Graduate School of Public Policy Lecturer (Project)

    2007.1 - 2008.10

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  • Mitsubishi Research Institute Researcher

    1998.10 - 2002.8

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Professional Memberships

Papers

  • Sustainability Transitions Research in Japan: Status and Prospects Reviewed

    Yi-chun Chen, Hideaki Shiroyama, Masahiri Sugiyama, Akihisa Mori

    Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Studies   15 ( 2 )   1 - 11   2022.11

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.14927/reeps.15.2_1

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  • Disasters as Enablers of Negotiation for Sustainability Transition: A Case from Odaka, Fukushima Reviewed

    Masahiro Matsuura

    Sustainability   14 ( 5 )   3101 - 3101   2022.3

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MDPI AG  

    Disaster risk at the community level is likely to increase as climate change worsens. In this study, the author investigated the impact of disasters on negotiation for community development, particularly as a promoter of sustainability negotiation. Studies on agenda setting in policy making and critical moments in negotiation were thoroughly reviewed. Based on the review, the author presents an extraordinary case of the Odaka community from Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. This community experienced a critical moment in the negotiation of its development after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 and a subsequent nuclear disaster. The community also experienced a 5-year-long forced evacuation due to nuclear contamination from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station. This case reveals a major shift in four aspects of negotiation—parties, interests, relationship, and legitimacy—and a transition to more sustainable developments. It also demonstrates the possibility that disasters can enable negotiation for more sustainable development patterns by transforming the associated settings.

    DOI: 10.3390/su14053101

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  • Transition management for sustainable new town development: An experiment at Misono Wing City

    Masahiro Matsuura

    16   49 - 71   2020.3

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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  • 日本におけるトランジション・マネジメントの実践:新興住宅地におけるワークショップ事例

    松浦 正浩

    地方行政   10776   2 - 5   2018.1

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (other academic)  

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  • 2050年からの逆算で見える埼玉の住宅地の危機

    松浦 正浩

    法Navi   7   10 - 11   2018

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (other academic)  

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  • 延命装置としての地方創生の憂鬱 : イベント依存から脱却する学習の必要性

    松浦 正浩

    地方行政   10769 ( 10769 )   2 - 5   2017.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:時事通信社  

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  • 方法論としてのトランジション・マネジメント : オランダの事例から学ぶ

    松浦 正浩

    地方行政   10773   2 - 5   2017.12

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  • オランダにおける構造改革の実現 : ポルダーモデルを乗り越える

    松浦 正浩

    地方行政   10771   2 - 5   2017.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (other academic)  

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  • Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Local Governments in Japan: A Survey Reviewed

    Kenshi Baba, Masahiro Matsuura, Taiko Kudo, Shigeru Watanabe, Shun Kawakubo, Akiko Chujo, Hiroharu Tanaka, Mitsuru Tanaka

    Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science   1 - 27   2017.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.

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  • 中西部太平洋まぐろ類委員会におけるboundary work: 管理基準値の科学

    松浦 正浩

    ガバナンス研究   13   17 - 38   2017

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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  • トランジション・マネジメントによる環境構造転換の考え方と方法論 Reviewed

    松浦 正浩

    環境情報科学   46 ( 4 )   17 - 22   2017

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  • Consensus Building for Long-term Sustainability in the Non-North American Context: Reflecting on a Stakeholder Process in Japan Reviewed

    Masahiro Matsuura, Kenshi Baba

    NEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH   9 ( 3 )   256 - 268   2016.8

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1111/ncmr.12076

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  • 木質バイオマスの利活用に向けたステークホルダー分析:対馬のフィールドワークからの知見とその検証 Reviewed

    馬場健司, 松浦正浩

    社会技術研究論文集   13   66 - 76   2016.5

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  • Stakeholders' Attitudes Change on Wood Biomass Utilization by Online Deliberation Reviewed

    BABA Kenshi, KITO Misako, TAKATSU Hiroaki, MATSUURA Masahiro

    Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research)   71 ( 5 )   I_235 - I_246   2015.9

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

    This paper attenpts to apply an online deliberative experiment to a issue of wooden biomass utilization. We have screened 34 stakeholders on the issue and provided them with expert konledge. Then we have analysed their attitude change by questionnaire data of before and after deliberation and by text mining of discourse. The results shows that i) proponents of wood biomass as general term has increased slightly after deliberation, ii) as for intermediate and demand side, ther emerged the group that would shoulder a burden morer than the present and the group that could not go along with, and for supply side, there emerged the group that are involved in if it would turn a profit iii) the effect of this experiment indicates that the most participants were able to express their opinions and collected information autonomously and then interactied each other.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscejer.71.I_235

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  • Effectiveness and Challenges of Stakeholder Analysis in Co-design and Co-product of Science and Society:Implications from a Case Study of Identifying Potential Issues on Utilization of Groundwater Resource in Obama Reviewed

    BABA Kenshi, MATSUURA Masahiro, TANIGUCHI Makoto

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE   28 ( 4 )   304 - 315   2015.8

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN  

    This study identifies the stakeholders and their interests and clarifies the potential disputes to examine sustainable use of groundwater by stakeholder analysis in Obama which depends on groundwater as major source of water. The results demonstrate as follows. Firstly, there are gaps among stakeholders in terms of prerequisite knowledge. Therefore, sharing scientific evidence between stakeholders through Joint Fact-finding will help to build consensus regarding the future direction of groundwater management. Secondly, the degree of interest depends on local communities, generations and possibility of switching groundwater to tap water. It is imperative that adequate consideration is given to the diversity of stakeholders in promoting JFF. Thirdly, there is a lack of cooperation among stakeholders. Especially, Involvement of agricultural sector who should have positive relationship with groundwater in nature will be one of the keys to solve multi-issues solution. From a perspective of adaptive governance which will be more important under in operation of the Hydrological Circulation Fundamental Law, effectiveness of stakeholder analysis is to identify a new issue such as above, while challenge of it is not to provide a new framing. Therefore blowing a whistle from scientists to the stakeholders in the process of the analysis would be needed.

    DOI: 10.11353/sesj.28.304

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    Other Link: http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010893222

  • PROFILES OF PRACTITIONERS AS A METHOD FOR EXPLORING FACILITATOR'S ROLE IN CONSENSUS BUILDING PROCESSES Reviewed

    70 ( 5 )   I-143 - 150   2014.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.2208/jscejipm.70.I_143

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  • Joint Fact-Finding by Creating 3D Animation Reflected Stakeholders' Concern and Scientific Knowledge about Marine Spatial Planning Reviewed

    16 ( 16 )   91 - 106   2014.12

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    Other Link: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/57625

  • 8-4-3 Stakeholder Consensus Building for Energy Technology Introduction through Joint Fact-Finding

    MATSUURA Masahiro, BABA Kenshi

    Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy   22   316 - 317   2013

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Japan Institute of Energy  

    Our presentation will outline a robust approach to consensus building which addresses the linkage between technical expertise and deliberation through joint fact-finding. A roundtable conference on future collaborations for offshore wind farm was organized by one of the authors and it led to policy recommendations endorsed by stakeholders.

    DOI: 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_316

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  • Study on Application of Stakeholder Assessment Method for the First Stage of Participate Planning Process Reviewed

    35 ( 4 )   56 - 61   2012.12

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  • 農業分野の気候変動適応策検討のためのステークホルダー分析の提案 -埼玉県における事例- Reviewed

    松浦正浩, 江口徹, 大久保翔太, 大澤友里恵, 倉本北斗, 谷口健二郎, 林禎恵, 馬場健司, 肱岡靖明

    土木学会論文集G(環境)   68 ( 6 )   II-309 - 318   2012.10

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.2208/jscejer.68.II_309

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  • DEVELOPING A PARTICIPATORY ISSUE IDENTIFICATION SUPPORT SYSTEM USING MOBILE PHONES:EXPERIMENTS WITH "UMIARUKI." Reviewed

    MATSUURA Masahiro, WATANAVE Hidenori, SUGISAKI Kazuhisa

    SOCIOTECHNICA   9   60 - 69   2012.5

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Sociotechnology Research Network  

    This research project developed an issue-identification support system that would realize public involvement in an early part of policy-making processes in the context of coastal zone management and conservation. In the field of policy-making of coastal zone management, members of the public have not been adequately involved in the agenda setting phase of planning. This project developed an "umiaruki" technique, drawing on the lessons from "machi-aruki" techniques in the field of urban planning and using an advanced mobile phone technologies. Our trial use of the system suggests that, while benefits from integrating ICT system are limited, the system can be more useful in collecting people's concerns at a regional and city-wide scale..

    DOI: 10.3392/sociotechnica.9.60

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    Other Link: https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10009739498?from=CiNii

  • A POLICY RECOMMENDATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION BASED ON STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS - A CASE STUDY ON URBAN FLOOD DAMAGE IN TOKYO - Reviewed

    BABA Kenshi, MATSUURA Masahiro, SHINODA Sayaka, HIJIOKA Yasuaki, SHIRAI Nobuo, TANAKA Mitsuru

    Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research)   68 ( 6 )   II_443 - II_454   2012

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

     This study analysis stakeholders' interests who will be involved in local climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction policy to calify the points in local pratice. The results indicate the followings: all stakeholder doesn't know climate change adaptation so that the policy implementation is poorly-equipped. There are some problems to be solved such as "a lack of understanding", "a lock-in effect in GHG emissions-reduction" and "a difficulty in agenda-setting". It is therefore essential for stakholders to share scientific fact each other. Developing a communication strategy of climate change adaptation to deliver the information of the relationship between climate change mitigation and adaptaion in accuracy is also important. Moreover, equipping a risk management approach with loal government's administration plan based on long term scientific prediction and realizing policy integration by interdepartmental organization are significant to have local governments put climate change adaptation on agenda.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscejer.68.II_443

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  • Sustainable energy and environmental policymaking in Japan Reviewed

    Masahiro Matsuura, Hideaki Shiroyama, Tatsujiro Suzuki

    IEEE Technology and Society Magazine   29 ( 3 )   45 - 54   2010.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

    DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2010.938105

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  • Stakeholder Assessment for the Introduction of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Technologies in Japan Reviewed

    Masahiro Matsuura, Tatsujiro Suzuki, Hideaki Shiroyama

    2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY   51 - 59   2009

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  • EXAMINING ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTES SOLUTIONS USING NEGOTIATION SIMULATION-A CASE OF WIND POWER SITING-:A CASE OF WIND POWER SITING Reviewed

    BABA Kenshi, MATSUURA Masahiro

    Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu G   36   149 - 158   2008.10

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

    This paper examines environmental disputes solutions for wind power siting using negotiation simulation in which participants play actors who are forming a game community, interact each other under negotiation rule and accordingly consensuses are simulated. Availability of the simulation is also examined. Main findings are summarized as follows. First, initial framing for negotiation and mediation in negotiation process are important for trust among actors and procedural justice. Second, effects of the simulation are observed as participants' significant attitudes change before-and-after simulation. Third, one of the solutions recognizes a necessity of "joint fact-finding" which ensures continuous dialogue.

    DOI: 10.2208/proer.36.149

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  • THE ROLE of MULTI SECTORAL NETWORK and PUBLIC ENTREPREUNERSHIP by PRIVATE ACORTS in the POLICY PROCESS of INTRODUCING INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

    OHTA Kyoko, HAYASHI Yuko, MATSUURA Masahiro, SHIROYAMA Hideaki

    SOCIOTECHNICA   5   24 - 39   2008.3

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:Sociotechnology Research Network  

    This article focuses on the roles and characteristics of multi sectoral networks and public entrepreneurship in the process of introducing innovative environmental technology. We analyze the case of constructing the residential building with the innovative solar heating system, which contributes to the low carbon emission. This article concludes that two key factors are strategically needed for the success: (1) the formation and the enhancement of multi sectoral networks and (2) the public entrepreneurship by private actors as well as public ones.

    DOI: 10.3392/sociotechnica.5.24

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  • STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN INTRODUCING AND DIFFUSING ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGIES

    MATSUURA Masahiro, SHIROYAMA Hideaki, SUZUKI Tatsujiro

    SOCIOTECHNICA   5   12 - 23   2008.3

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:Sociotechnology Research Network  

    Representation of stakeholder interests is crucial in ensuring the fairness and effectiveness of policy-making. In order to ensure representation, "stakeholder analysis" techniques have been used. For the techniques to be useful in the assessment of national or global issues, certain adaptations are necessary. The article introduces an "MS5" approach to stakeholder analysis that focuses on "environmental factors," involves rigorous literature review, and follows "fragmentation and integration" steps. In an analysis of barriers to the introduction of environmental technologies, we successfully characterized the complex nature of technology introduction and. diffusion, involving a diverse range of environmental factors, cross-cutting issues across sectors, and "cognitive information resource".

    DOI: 10.3392/sociotechnica.5.12

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  • The Role of Political Support in Institutionalizing Participatory Planning Processes : Comparison of Cases from England and Australia in Highway Planning

    MATSUURA Masahiro

    Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan   42 ( 1 )   32 - 37   2007.4

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:The City Planning Institute of Japan  

    The practice of participatory planning is broadening both in scale and scope. However, the ad-hoc use of participatory processes is not likely to improve the quality of local governance in the long run. Participatory processes need to be integrated into the daily practice of planning as an institution. From an institutionalist's perspective, the article examined the role of political support in institutionalizing participatory processes. Based on the comparison between two instances of introducing new participatory processes to highway planning in England and Australia, internal support (i.e. commitment by administrative staff) has more effect than external support (i.e. the backing of stakeholding parties) on the success of institutionalization.

    DOI: 10.11361/journalcpij.42.1.32

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  • Institutional Framework and Use of Agricultural Mediation Program in the United States Reviewed

    HASHIMOTO Shizuka, MATSUURA Masahiro

    Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan   75 ( 5 )   399 - 403,a1   2007

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering  

    DOI: 10.11408/jjsidre1965.75.399

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Books

  • 持続可能な発展に向けた地域からのトランジション - 私たちは変わるのか・変えられるのか

    白井信雄, 栗島英明( Role: Contributor4-5章「トランジション・マネジメントの課題と解消方策」(pp. 179-187))

    環境新聞社  2023.9  ( ISBN:9784860184339

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    Total pages:251   Responsible for pages:179-187   Language:Japanese  

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  • TRANSITION

    Masahiro Matsuura( Role: Sole author)

    2023.7  ( ISBN:9784797674330

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    Total pages:221p   Language:Japanese  

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  • サステナビリティ・トランジションと人づくり: 人と社会の連環がもたらす持続可能な社会

    森 朋子, 松浦 正浩, 田崎 智宏( Role: Joint editor第2章「トランジションマネジメントの理論」(pp.31-57)、第4章「トランジション・ストーリーから理解する人の役割」(pp.85-113)、「おわりに」(pp. 187-190))

    筑波書房  2022.3  ( ISBN:4811906217

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    Total pages:193  

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  • キミならどうする!? もしもサバイバル 魔王になって魔界を守る方法 (キミならどうする!?もしもサバイバル)

    松浦正浩( Role: Supervisor (editorial))

    ポプラ社  2022.2  ( ISBN:459117235X

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    Total pages:126  

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  • Handbook of Energy Transitions

    Masahiro Matsuura( Role: Contributor"The Policies and Politics of Japan’s Missed Opportunity for a Post-Fukushima Energy Transition")

    Routledge  2022 

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  • おとしどころの見つけ方 : 世界一やさしい交渉学入門

    松浦, 正浩( Role: Sole author)

    クロスメディア・パブリッシング,インプレス(発売)  2018.12  ( ISBN:9784295402534

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    Total pages:237p   Language:Japanese  

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  • Biofuels and Sustainability: Holistic perspectives for policy-making

    MATSUURA MASAHIRO( Role: Joint author)

    Springer  2018 

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  • Joint Fact Finding in Urban Planning and Environmental Disputes

    Masahiro Matsuura, Todd Schenk( Role: Joint author)

    Routledge Earthscan Science in Society Series  2016.10 

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    Language:English   Book type:Scholarly book

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  • 社会基盤マネジメント

    堀田昌英, 小沢一雅ほか( Role: Joint authorpp.1-286 pp.231-234「5.3.1 調達システムとマネジメント」,pp.236-241「5.3.3 コンプライアンス」)

    技報堂出版  2015.8 

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    Language:Japanese   Book type:Scholarly book

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  • Educating Negotiators for a Connected World

    Chris Honeyman, James Coben, Andrew Lee( Role: Joint authorpp.217-245 "Beyond "Negotiation 2.0": Teaching Negotiation in the Multi-Stakeholder, Multi-Level, and Multi-Processes World of Public Policy")

    DRI Press  2013.2 

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  • Sustainability Science: A Multidisciplinary Approach

    Hiroshi Komiyama, hree others( Role: Joint authorpp.171-189 "Consensus-building Processes")

    UNU Press  2011.4 

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  • 実践!交渉学:いかに合意形成を図るか

    ( Role: Sole author)

    筑摩書房  2010.4 

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  • 日本の未来社会:エネルギー・環境と技術・政策

    城山秀明, 鈴木達治郎, 角和昌浩( Role: Joint authorpp.4-29「第一章 ステークホルダー分析」、pp.48-77「第三章 高齢化」)

    東信堂  2009.11 

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  • Localizing Public Dispute Resolution in Japan: lessons from Experiments with Deliberative Policy-making

    ( Role: Sole author)

    VDM-Verlag  2008.2 

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  • Using Assisted Negotiation to Settle Land Use Disputes: A Guidebook for Public Officials

    Lawrence Susskind, Ole Amundsen( Role: Joint author)

    Lincoln Institute of Land Policy  1999.7 

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MISC

  • 適応策の実装化に向けたステークホルダー会議の試み

    馬場健司, 増原直樹, 白井信雄, 田中充, 松浦正浩, 肱岡靖明, 田中博春, 陸斉, 土井美奈子

    環境科学会年会プログラム講演要旨集   2013   220 - 221   2013.9

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    Language:Japanese  

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  • 農業分野における気候変動適応策の実装化に向けたアクター間のフレーミングギャップ分析

    馬場健司, 松浦正浩, 肱岡靖明, 増原直樹, 土井美奈子, 田中博春, 陸斉, 白井信雄, 田中充

    日本農業気象学会全国大会講演要旨   2013   99   2013

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  • Communication Techniques for Planners : From a critical perspective

    MATSUURA Masahiro

    61 ( 4 )   22 - 25   2012.8

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Presentations

  • DETERMINANTS OF PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS TOWARD OFFSHORE WIND POWER: EVIDENCE FROM AN INTERNET-BASED QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

    Masahiro MATSUURA, Sachihiko ITOH, Eisuke TSUTSUMI

    2025.11 

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    Event date: 2025.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    File: JSCE-ENVSYS-D-25-00089.pdf

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  • PROMOTING ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY BY LOCAL PUBLIC POWER COMPANIES IN JAPAN

    Kiyoshi MORI, Masahiro MATSUURA

    2025.11 

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    Event date: 2025.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    File: JSCE-ENVSYS-D-25-00071.pdf

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  • Climate assemblies meet transition management: experimental applications in Japan

    Masahiro Matsuura

    16th International Sustainability Conference 2025  2025.6 

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    Event date: 2025.6

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    File: 文書名 _IST'25 - Book of Abstracts.pdf

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  • Enabling transition through scaling-up innovative practice for community revitalization after the Fukushima nuclear disaster: A case study of Minami-soma City

    Yuta Ishii, Masahiro Matsuura

    16th International Sustainability Conference 2025  2025.6 

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    Event date: 2025.6

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    File: 文書名 _IST'25 - Book of Abstracts-2.pdf

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  • みその気候市民会議:地区レベルのまちづくりとしての気候市民会議

    松浦正浩

    科学技術社会論学会第23回年次研究大会  2024.12 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • トランジションを孕む革新的技術の開発と社会実装における説明責任と合意形成

    松浦正浩

    土木学会第70回土木計画学研究発表会  2024.11 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Engaging Communities in Sustainability Transitions: Insights from Misono Climate Assembly in Saitama, Japan

    Masahiro Matsuura, Yuki Okamoto, Ayano Takeuchi, Hiroe Maeda

    Urban Transitions 2024: Integrating Urban and Transport Planning, Environment and Health for Healthier Urban Living  2024.11 

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • 土木・都市分野の技術の社会導入のガバナンス

    松浦正浩

    土木計画学ワンデイセミナー「土木・都市分野への革新的技術の導入における市民合意形成上の課題にどう対処すべきか?」  2024.10 

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    Presentation type:Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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  • フロントランナーの実践を通じた態度行動変容の拡大波及をねらうトランジションマネジメント Invited

    松浦正浩

    環境科学会年会2024  2024.9 

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    Presentation type:Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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  • 脱炭素トランジションにおける 気候市民会議の位置づけ Invited

    松浦正浩

    土木学会全国大会  2024.9 

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    Presentation type:Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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  • 働き方改革及び生産性向上の実現における社会的合意形成技術の適用性に関する考察

    米倉 翔, 中平 歩, 兵藤 誠, 澤田 俊明, 森本 恵美, 松浦 正浩

    第38回建設マネジメント問題に関する研究発表・討論会  2020.12 

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    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • SS7:革新的技術の都市・地域への導入に伴う合意形成上の課題 Invited

    矢嶋宏光, 石神孝裕, 屋井鉄雄, 松浦正浩, 青木俊明, 羽鳥剛史

    第62回土木計画学研究発表会・秋大会  2020.11 

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    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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  • Applicability of transition management approaches to the Japanese planning context

    Masahiro Masa Matsuura, Hideo Yamanaka, Kaho Makio

    Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning Annual Meeting  2020.11 

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Research Projects

  • What effect does conflict management education that combines education and environmental studies have on junior and senior high school students?

    Grant number:25K03333  2025.4 - 2030.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Grant amount:\16120000 ( Direct Cost: \12400000 、 Indirect Cost:\3720000 )

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  • Research on the possibilities and challenges of climate democracy in Japan

    Grant number:23H00526  2023.4 - 2027.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

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    Grant amount:\46800000 ( Direct Cost: \36000000 、 Indirect Cost:\10800000 )

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  • Role of Frontrunners in Transition Management for Sustainability

    Grant number:21K12354  2021.4 - 2024.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Matsuura Masahiro

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    Grant amount:\3770000 ( Direct Cost: \2900000 、 Indirect Cost:\870000 )

    Policies and projects against anthropogenic climate change have yet to catch up, and there is an increasing need to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable socio-political system. While the academic interest in the multi-level perspectives and transition management processes is growing, this research analyzed empirical cases of sustainability transition and their acceleration at the local level in Japan, focusing on the impact of frontrunners in scaling up the practice to socio-economic systems through transition experiments. More specifically, cases in Minami-Soma City, Fukushima Prefecture, and Kamikatsu Town, Tokushima Prefecture, were analyzed, and an empirical study was conducted in the Urawa-Misono neighborhood in Saitama City. This study revealed the challenges of attracting the attention of the majority of residents in scaling up the practice of frontrunners.

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  • 自転車交通の真の活用推進へエビデンスベース型トランジション・マネジメント

    Grant number:20H02278  2020.4 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    山中 英生, 矢部 拓也, 松浦 正浩, 吉田 長裕, 金 利昭, 尾野 薫

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    Grant amount:\17420000 ( Direct Cost: \13400000 、 Indirect Cost:\4020000 )

    ,エビデンスベース型トランジション・マネジメント(TM)手法のプロセス設計をもとに,金沢市を対象に自転車通行システム整序化をベースとした活用,徳島県での電動自転車をベースとした活用をテーマとして適用を行った.
    1 エビデンスベース型TM手法のプロセス設計 オランダのエラスムス大学トランジション・マネジメント研究所が示しているガイドラインを基に,科学的エビデンスの研究フレームを基礎とするプロセスを設計した.
    2 金沢地域TM手法適用 自転車通行システム整序化と活用推進 金沢市で昨年度立ち上げたTMワークショップグループを対象に,都市全体での自転車活用を促進する新たな都市環境創出の未来と,それに向かう実践をテーマとするトランジションマネジメントワークショップを開催した.ただし,新型コロナ感染症の拡大防止のため,2020年度末予定のWSは翌年度に繰り越してオンライン形式で開催し,加えて個別ヒアリングを行った。これをもとに,TM手法のXカーブを用いてビジョンを可視化した.一方,自転車活用にむけて,ビジョンに対する市民の受容性分析(WEB調査)を行った.
    3 徳島地域TM手法適用 電動自転車による観光利用促進 急速な普及が見られるスポーツタイプ電動アシスト自転車(e-bike)を活用したサイクルツーリズムの実践を目的としてTM手法による市民グループを立ち上げ,徳島大学で開催中のサイクルツーリズム講座を中心として,運営組織を構成し,フロントランナーを招集して,新しいサイクルツーリズムのビジョンを共有する試みを行った。このための科学的エビデンスのサポートとして,スポーツ電動アシスト自転車(e-bike)の運動負荷や乗車時の官能分析を行った.

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  • Designing climate citizens' assemblies for just transition

    Grant number:20H04387  2020.4 - 2023.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Mikami Naoyuki

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    Grant amount:\17550000 ( Direct Cost: \13500000 、 Indirect Cost:\4050000 )

    The project investigated and collected emerging cases of randomly selected climate assemblies in European countries. To apply and implement climate assemblies in Japanese society, it piloted 'Climate Assembly Sapporo 2020,' the first climate assembly in the country. The project published findings obtained through the survey and the trial in reports, books, and articles, and for the purpose of returning the research results to society, it provided advice and support to local stakeholders around the country who wished to organize climate assemblies based on our trial example.

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  • The role of mini-publics in global and ultra long-term risk governance

    Grant number:17H01927  2017.4 - 2020.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Mikami Naoyuki

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    Grant amount:\16770000 ( Direct Cost: \12900000 、 Indirect Cost:\3870000 )

    Mini-publics are a series of participatory and deliberative techniques, in which randomly selected members of the public are gathered to form a microcosm of the society, discuss a public issue and present policy recommendations. This project investigated the role of mini-publics for the governance of global, ultra long-term compound risks such as climate change and high-level radioactive waste disposal. While carrying out theoretical exploration from the viewpoint of science and technology studies (STS), science communication, deliberative democracy, and transition management, the research team conducted a mock citizens' jury on "decarbonization transition and the quality of life" with participants randomly selected from the general public. Through these investigations, it was found that public participation and deliberation using mini-publics can be instrumental in a variety of respects to the governance of such large-scale risks.

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  • 我が国の自転車通行システムの整序化へのコンセンサス形成戦略

    Grant number:16H02369  2016.4 - 2020.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)  基盤研究(A)

    山中 英生, 尾野 薫, 鈴木 美緒, 三谷 哲雄, 吉田 長裕, 萩田 賢司, 稲垣 具志, 金 利昭, 宇佐美 誠史, 小川 圭一, 松浦 正浩, 山口 行一, 横関 俊也

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    Grant amount:\44590000 ( Direct Cost: \34300000 、 Indirect Cost:\10290000 )

    自転車は交通のグリーン化,健康,観光への寄与が期待されるが,我が国では安全性の改善が重要課題となっており,特に,道路上で自転車を無批判に双方向通行させていることが交通安全上の重大な課題となっている.本研究は,双方向通行の課題,通行システム整序化の必要性に関する科学的エビデンスを集約・整理するため,多様な分析研究を実施するとともに,エビデンスと未来志向を基礎とした熟議手法を適用して,自転車通行システムの整序化に対する社会的コンセンサス形成への戦略を提言することを目的としている.
    第3年度は,下記の自転車通行システムの整序化の利害エビデンス分析した.
    1 事故分析 (1)初年度に科学警察にて整備した自転車通行方向別事故データベースを用いて自転車の通行方向別事故を分析し交通量観測値との比較から逆走自転車の危険性を明確にした.(2)自転車の左側通行を推進している金沢市で,左側通行と事故低減が空間波及している効果を明らかにした.2 仮想実験 自転車・自動車協調型シミュレータによる仮想実験で信号交差点の自動車右左折時の錯綜発生状況の再現実験を追加し,双方向通行の相対的危険性を明らかにした.3 意識分析 左側通行の遵守意識,双方向通行の危険性認識,経路選択意識を分析しその構造を明らかにした.4 ネットワーク分析 自転車の左側通行規制,押し歩きに対する受忍意識を調査分析し,その意識構造を明らかにした.
    さらに,エビデンスとビジョンを考慮したトランジション・マネジメントの適用事例をオランダのロッテルダム市等で収集するとともに,我が国における実装の試行として,トランジションマネジメント研究所所長Derk Loorbach氏を招聘し,自転車政策に精通するフロントランナーによるワークショップを開催した.ここでは,昨年度作成した将来ビジョンをもとに,戦略的取り組みのアイデアが創出できている.

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  • Basic Studies on the Formulation and International Network Creation of Marine Spatial Planning

    Grant number:15H01936  2015.4 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Okuwaki Naoya, NAGAI YUICHIRO

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    Grant amount:\44200000 ( Direct Cost: \34000000 、 Indirect Cost:\10200000 )

    In this project, issues concerning marine spatial planning were examined: First, in order to consider how ocean governance can be possible, we examined the international law basis of the ocean governance; Second, from theoretical and systematic perspective, we made a case study on the consensus building and the interest adjustment, and examined the harmonization of national rules concerning the use of the sea, and the possibility of consensus building through marine spatial planning; Third, the simulation analyses are conducted by using international economic and logistics model, focusing on uncertainty and instability of maritime shipping. As part of the project’s outreach efforts, public symposium was organized at the end of last fiscal year.

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  • 再生可能エネルギー分野における合意形成実務家のアジア太平洋ネットワークの構築

    2014.11 - 2016.10

    トヨタ財団 

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    Grant type:Competitive

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  • Drawing Grounded Lessons from the Practice of Consensus Building in Asia

    2013.11 - 2014.10

    Toyota Foundation 

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    Grant type:Competitive

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  • New Ocean Paradigm on Its Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem and Sustainable Use

    Grant number:24121001  2012.6 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

    Furuya Ken, SACHIHIKO ITOH, HIROAKI SAITO, TSUDA ATSUSHI, OGAWA HIROSHI, TAKEDA SHIGENOBU, CHIBA SANAE, KIYOTA MASASHI, KUROKURA HISASHI, YAGI NOBUYUKI, MATSUURA MASAHIRO, MINOBE SHOSHIRO, KANAJI YU, HIGASHIDA KEISAKU, TAKAHASHI KAZUTAKA, SATO MITSUHIDE

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    Grant amount:\124930000 ( Direct Cost: \96100000 、 Indirect Cost:\28830000 )

    This project aimed to promote the science for sustainable use of marine ecosystem functions by collaborative research of oceanography, fisheries science and social science. For this, we held a number of meetings for integration among project members and achievement sharing, addressed cross-cutting research themes to facilitate collaboration, and set up a data center to support acquisition and management of primary data obtained during oceanographic cruises. We also held 11 international meetings, conducted outreach activities including web publication and public lectures, and supported overseas visits of young researchers.

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  • Exploring Ocean Governance with Better Links to Marine Science

    Grant number:24121011  2012.6 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

    Matsuura Masahiro, OKUWAKI Naoya, SHIROYAMA Hideaki

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    Grant amount:\37830000 ( Direct Cost: \29100000 、 Indirect Cost:\8730000 )

    This research project explored types of ocean governance that realize meaningful interaction with marine science by conducting case studies of international governance mechanisms. Through the project, we discovered the following four ingredients of ocean governance: 1) consensus for "best available scientific evidence"; 2) varieties of mechanisms for providing scientific information, including formal scientific committees to informal information gathering opportunities; 3) variety in the effect of scientific information on formal decision-making; and 4) implementing the flexibility of regulatory measures by using reference clauses. Meanwhile, the relationship between science and politics is becoming more complex as political actors are becoming more strategic about the use of scientific information for their own political advantage.

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  • Profiles of practitioners and the role of coordinators in policy-making processes

    Grant number:24330037  2012.4 - 2016.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Matsuura Masahiro, YAMANAKA Hideo, YAGI Ekou, SHIROYAMA Hideaki, YAMAGUCHI Yukikazu, SAKAMOTO Mariko

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    Grant amount:\17810000 ( Direct Cost: \13700000 、 Indirect Cost:\4110000 )

    This research project has explored the Profiles of Practitioners as a research method and examined the role of "coordinators" in the urban and environmental policy-making processes by applying the method to the Japanese practitioners. In particular, with close collaboration with Professor John Forester at Cornell University, we elaborated on the Profiles of Practitioners as method, produced multiple profiles, and examined the role of "coordinators" by interpreting a few selected profiles. As the result, we identified the benefits of the method in both educational and research settings. We produced a Japanese version of the guidelines for profiling, and inducted a number of functions and other properties that the "coordinators" have in policy-making processes.

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  • Framework and Policy Instrument on the Integrated Ocean Management in Asia

    Grant number:24243025  2012.4 - 2015.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    OKUWAKI NAOYA, SHIROYAMA Hideaki, KATO Hironori, HUH Sookyon, MATSUURA Masahiro, NISHIMOTO Kentaro, MURAKAMI Yuichi, KUBO Makiko, SHIBASAKI Ryuichi

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    Grant amount:\30810000 ( Direct Cost: \23700000 、 Indirect Cost:\7110000 )

    In this project, issues concerning integrated ocean management in the seas of Asia were examined: First, the implementation of UNCLOS in national laws and legal systems of coastal States of Asian seas was comparatively studied; Second, mechanisms of international cooperation in Asia, as well as national policies for management of marine ports and administration of small islands in Japan, were examined from the perspective of ocean governance; Third, the risk of terrorism and/or piracy in Malacca-Singapore Straits and the effects of expected transportation networks in Central Asia were evaluated. As part of the project’s outreach efforts, public symposia were organized at the end of each fiscal year.

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  • 「共同事実確認手法を活用した政策形成過程の検討と実装」研究開発プロジェクト

    2011.10 - 2014.10

    科学技術振興機構(JST)社会技術研究開発センター(RISTEX)  戦略的な研究開発の推進 社会技術研究開発事業 

    松浦 正浩

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    政策形成の現場では、利害が対立するステークホルダーが自分の利害に合わせて異なる科学的根拠を提示するために、利害調整による合意形成が複雑化している。 本プロジェクトは、ほぼ全てのステークホルダーが納得できる科学的根拠を、ステークホルダーと専門家の協働で特定する「共同事実確認」の方法論を検討する。具体的には、エネルギー政策、食品安全、海洋空間計画を対象とする実証実験を行い、社会実装に向けた活動を行うことで、科学的根拠に基づく政策形成の実現を目指す。

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    J-GLOBAL

  • Decision making and consensus building against uncertainty in some fields of applied ethics

    Grant number:23520027  2011 - 2013

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    YARA Tomohiko, KANEMITSU Hidekazu, HONDA Kojiro, MASUBUCHI Takashi, MATSUMOTO Dairi, OKITA Yoshitoshi

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    Grant amount:\4030000 ( Direct Cost: \3100000 、 Indirect Cost:\930000 )

    The aim of this research project is to verify the applicability of decision-making models such as Consensus Building and Conflict Resolution to some fields of applied ethics such as medical ethics, nursing ethics, science technology ethics, engineering ethics, business ethics, and communication ethics.
    To attain this aim, we held research meeting twice a year (six times for three years), and discussed the level of achievement of our aim with collaborators. We are planning to publish a report that record our research this year

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  • Developing Research Framework for Analyzing Policy-Making Processes drawing on Consensus Building Theory

    Grant number:22730110  2010 - 2011

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    MATSUURA Masahiro

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    Grant amount:\2990000 ( Direct Cost: \2300000 、 Indirect Cost:\690000 )

    This research project attempted to categorize key approaches to analyzing consensus building processes in various instances of policy-making efforts in response to the need for methods for studying policy-making processes. First, in order to review the existing research, the project gathered information by reviewing literature as well as by participating in conferences and key researchers in the United States. Second, approaches to analyzing consensus building processes are categorized into research methods, practical techniques, and the ways of integrating practice and education.

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  • Governance Reform and Policy Process Management for Sustainability

    Grant number:21243008  2009.4 - 2013.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    SHIROYAMA Hideaki, MATSUURA Masahiro, KATO Hironori, HIRAKAWA Hideyuki, MOTODA Yuka, SHIMAMURA Takeshi, FUJITANI Takeshi, SAITO Yasushi, NAKAGAWA Yoshinori, ONISHI Akio, MATSUI Tomoyo, KAJIKI Shinya, MATSUO Makiko, SATO Chiaki, OHTA Kyoko, HATANAKA Rhoko, YARIME Masaru, YOSHIZAWA Go, KISHIMOTO Atsuo, SUZUKI Tatsujiro

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    Grant amount:\31720000 ( Direct Cost: \24400000 、 Indirect Cost:\7320000 )

    Transition to the sustainable society requires governance reforms in the various policy fields such as energy, agriculture and food and health care. This project, with the transition governance perspective, explored the way of policy process management which enabled these reforms. We focused on the inter-relations between various factors in different policy areas through the case studies of domestic as well as international policy issues which require consistent arrangements with the former. The roles of laws and communication schemes in transition governance were also examined. Practical and institutional instruments such as problem structuring, stakeholder analysis and technology assessment, all of which were expected to support policy process management were experimentally implemented and then evaluated.

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  • Basic Research on the Integrated Governance for Maritime Transportation in Asia

    Grant number:21243014  2009 - 2011

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    OKUWAKI Naoya, KOUKETSU Hisashi, SHIROYAMA Hideaki, KATO Hironori, HASE Tomoharu, MATSUURA Masahiro, HUH Sookyeon, SHIBASAKI Ryuichi

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    Grant amount:\29510000 ( Direct Cost: \22700000 、 Indirect Cost:\6810000 )

    In order to explore key issues around the right of passage in Asia, the project reviewed the current issues regarding maritime laws and their implantation in Asian nations, as well as policy measures for sustaining ferry service to small islands. In addition, risks to maritime transport, piracy, security control of foreign trades, and the development of international cooperative regime for the Malacca Singapore Strait are analyzed from the perspective of governance study. The possible impact of M-S Strait closure was also simulated and evaluated. For the outreach purposes, the project organized public symposium each year.

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  • 「セカンドライフ」における 土地利用計画の策定過程

    2009

    第一住宅建設協会 

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    Grant type:Competitive

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  • Research on Process Adaptation and Contextual Change in the International Transfer of Policy-Making Processes

    Grant number:20730091  2008 - 2010

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    MATSUURA Masahiro

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    Grant amount:\4030000 ( Direct Cost: \3100000 、 Indirect Cost:\930000 )

    This research examined three cases of institutionalizing policy-making processes in Japan--regulatory impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment and participatory technology assessment--and exemplified the interaction mechanism between process adaptation and contextual change for accommodating imported processes in an existing institutional environment. By comparing the cases this research exemplified the need for a contextual change (e.g., adjusting institutional mechanisms) in the international transfer of policy-making processes.

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  • 公共事業の合意形成運営における中立的第三者の成立要件とその役割構成

    Grant number:19656126  2007 - 2009

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的萌芽研究  挑戦的萌芽研究

    山中 英生, 滑川 達, 真田 純子, 松浦 正浩

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    Grant amount:\2800000 ( Direct Cost: \2800000 )

    公共事業の社会的合意形成において涵養とされる「中立的第三者」を制度的に成立するため、本研究では,(1)那賀川流域フォーラム(2002-2004)(那賀川の河川整備計画策定に当たって形成された参加型検討会)、(2)沖洲マリンピア整備手法検討委員会(2002) (高速道路ICの海浜埋立事業の見直しを行った委員会)(3)月見が丘海浜公園ワークショップ(2003-2005)(海浜埋立地の大規模公園設計ワークショップ)(4)北常三島交差点安全施策検討会(2005-2006)(幹線道路交差点安全施策,地域及び沿道住民,利用者,関係行政機関によって、コンセンサスビルディングの手法を忠実に実施した事例)(5)吉野川河川整備計画「住民の意見を聴く会」(2006-2008)(流域委員会に代わる方式として2006年度より始められた会。国土交通省が中立的ファシリテータとしてNPOを選定。NPOは行動規範,中立性確保のための条件を公表し、運営に当たった。)の5事例を対象として、多様な参加形態における「中立的第三者」が成立する上で必要な要件を分析した,平成21年度は,平成20年度までに実施した,以下の徳島県内の5事例に関するヒアリング,アンケート調査をもとに,我が国のPIにおける中立的第三者の成立性を明らかにした.また,吉野川河川整備計画「住民の意見を聴く会」のファシリテータグループのファシリテーションの行為言動を記録したビデオを用いて,ファシリテータの行為・言動が中立性に及ぼす影響について分析して、中立的第三者としての職能,倫理,契約、中立的第三者を社会的な役割として構成するためのロスターの試行と課題を整理した。

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  • Social Consensus Building and Network Management in Collaborative Governance

    Grant number:18330023  2006 - 2008

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    SHIROYAMA Hideaki, KANAI Toshiyuki, KATO Hironori, KOIZUMI Hideki, MATSUURA Masahiro, SAITO Yasushi, HATANAKA Ryoko, SUZUKI Tatsujiro, UENO Takahiro, YAMAMOTO Ryuuji, NAKAGAWA Yoshinori, JURAKU Kouta, FUKAYAMA Takeshi, OHTA Kyoko, MURAYAMA Mai, MATSUO Miwa, HAYASHI Yuko, ITOH Koichi, SHIRAI Kiyokane, NISHIMURA Takashi, YAMAMOTO Junko, KATO Akiyuki, SHINDO Toshiyuki, TAKEYAMA Eitaro, SHIMIZU Mayumi, SATO Kei

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    Grant amount:\14960000 ( Direct Cost: \12500000 、 Indirect Cost:\2460000 )

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