記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Although extensively studied, the association between antimicrobial usage and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock still has unresolved aspects. This study analyzed the genomes of 195 Escherichia coli strains from pigs, a species with high antimicrobial consumption, across five production stages on 13 farms in Japan employing diverse antimicrobial administration strategies. A total of 61 acquired AMR genes (aARGs), spanning 13 distinct antimicrobial classes, were identified. A significant correlation was found between antimicrobial usage and the number of aARGs in E. coli strains. The four farms with the highest usage administered antimicrobials orally as routine prophylaxis during fattening. These farms showed significantly higher proportions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) genotypes at all stages compared to farms without routine prophylaxis. The number of frequently detected aARGs was more strongly correlated with total antimicrobial usage than with the usage of the corresponding antimicrobial classes. Co-occurrence network analysis suggested that genetic linkages among these aARGs may promote co-selection, thereby acting as a driving force in the emergence of MDR strains under routine prophylaxis treatment.

DOI： 10.1038/s44259-025-00130-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Two studies were conducted on the relationship between ruminal mat consistency (RMC) and (1) calf mortality or (2) immunity. Assessment of RMC was by ten repeated manual compressions of the middle rumen; good-RMC showed no fluid bounce-back (FBB), while poor-RMC showed FBB. The first study examined whether RMC affected calf mortality. Monthly feeding management guidance (FMG) was implemented for 5 years on a commercial farm with Holstein-Friesian × Japanese black calves, directing increased forage consumption for poor-RMC calves aged 50-180 days. Compared to 35 control farms, the FMG period showed significantly lower total mortality (3.8% vs. 0.8%, P < 0.001, OR = 4.7) and lower respiratory mortality (2.3% vs. 0.1%, P < 0.001, OR = 18.3). The second study tested the hypothesis that RMC affects calf immunity. Peripheral blood of good-RMC (n = 6) and poor-RMC (n = 6) calves was compared. Good-RMC showed higher phagocytosis in monocytes (P = 0.05, r = 0.63) and granulocytes (P = 0.02, r = 0.78), and higher numbers of CD4 + (P = 0.07, r = 0.58), CD8 + (P = 0.07, r = 0.60), and B-cells (P = 0.03, r = 0.62). In mRNA expression, good-RMC showed lower TNF-α (P = 0.02, r = 0.70), IL-1 (P = 0.09, r = 0.49), IL-12 (P = 0.04, r = 0.59) and IL-10 (P = 0.13, r = 0.44), and higher IL-16 (P = 0.07, r = 0.53) compared to poor-RMC. These results suggest that RMC affects calf mortality and immunity, emphasizing the importance of feeding management in improving sustainability.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-025-02398-w

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The calving interval (CI) is an important determinant of reproductive performance in Japanese Black cattle. The present study aimed to compare individual fertility traits among farms classified by CI. In total, 49,780 artificial insemination (AI) records for 7327 cows from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from 622 farms located in Miyazaki, Japan. The farms were classified into three groups (referred to as farm CI groups) using the lower and upper 25 percentiles of farm CI as thresholds. The mean CI of individual cows was 403.5 ± 70.9 days. The interquartile ranges of CI for individual cows were 49 days for short CI farms and 114 days for long CI farms. The interval between calving and the first AI was associated with farm CI group and parity (p < 0.05) but not with calving season and gestation length. The conception rate (CR) at the first AI in cows on long CI farms decreased as the interval from calving to the first AI decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, no differences in CR among farm CI groups were observed for AI number ≥ 4. In long CI farms, cows with two AI treatments had longer interservice intervals than those for AI values of 3 and ≥ 4 (p < 0.05). In summary, fertility characteristics for long CI farms differed from those of farms with short or middle CI, and standard operating procedures need to be improved to decrease the CI.

DOI： 10.1111/rda.70058

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study investigated the effects of parity, season, and the previous lactation's milk yield on fertility in dairy cows. A total of 5,514 calving records for Holstein cows that calved between 2016 and 2018 on a single large dairy farm in Japan were used for analysis. The proportion of cows that get pregnant by 360 days after calving was defined as the percentage of all cows eligible for breeding that became pregnant. In the all-cow model, pregnancy probability associated with both parity and calving season (p < 0.05). Pregnancy probability decreased with an increase in parity, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.75 (1.58-1.94) for parity 1, 1.25 (1.13-1.39) for parity 2, 1.15 (1.04-1.29) for parity 3, and 1.13 (1.00-1.27) for parity 4, relative to parity ≥5. In terms of calving season, the lowest pregnancy probability was found in spring, and the HRs relative to spring were 1.16 (1.07-1.26) for summer, 1.35 (1.24-1.47) for autumn, and 1.17 (1.07-1.27) for winter. In the multiparous-cow model, pregnancy probability associated with the previous lactation's milk yield (p < 0.05), but not with parity or calving season. Cows with high and middle previous milk yields had lower pregnancy probabilities than those with low milk yields.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13998

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We aimed to characterize the change in the incidence of stillbirth (IS) in Japanese Black cattle during and after animal movement restrictions and suspended insemination because of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Miyazaki Prefecture in 2010. Calving data from 2006 to 2018 were collected from approximately 900 farms. Post-FMD period was divided into three based on the median IS per month (1.80%): period 1 (May 2011 to February 2013), period 2 (March 2013 to August 2015), and period 3 (September 2015 to December 2018). The ISs were similar during the Pre-FMD period and Post-FMD period 1, then substantially decreased during Post-FMD period 2 (p < .05), before returning to the value before the FMD outbreak period during Post-FMD period 3. Compared with the Pre-FMD period, Post-FMD period 1 was associated with a higher proportion of calvings by primiparous cows and Post-FMD period 2 was associated with a smaller number of calvings per month (p < .05). There were high ISs in primiparous cows during the Pre-FMD period, Post-FMD period 1, and Post-FMD period 3 (p < .05), but not during Post-FMD period 2. In summary, after the animal movement restrictions and suspended insemination introduced because of the FMD outbreak, the IS temporarily decreased and consequently returned to the pre-FMD level.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0304867

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担当区分：最終著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wiley  

Abstract

In this study, we examined whether the frequency of exogenous oestrogen treatment affects the induction of artificial lactation and milk production. Furthermore, we analysed changes in milk components obtained from artificially lactating sows. Pseudopregnant induced by treatment with 30 mg of estradiol dipropionate (EDP) on Day 10 (Day 0 = the last day of estrus) were divided into three groups: those administered 5 mg of EDP once on Day 39 (n = 5), twice on Days 32 and 39 (n = 5) and three times on Days 25, 32 and 39 (n = 6). All animals were treated with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on Day 46 for induced lactation. Artificial lactation was induced in 66.7%–80.0% of sows, and the EDP treatment frequency before PGF_2α administration had no significant effect on either the induction rate of artificial lactation or the milk yield during the experimental period. The milk composition (levels of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, lactose and immunoglobulin) did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the number of EDP treatments prior to PGF_2α administration had no effect on either the efficiency of artificial lactation induction or milk production.

DOI： 10.1111/rda.14571

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Dairy Science Association  

This study aimed to determine the applicability of a tail-attached device in monitoring animal-based indicators (ABI) associated with changes in environmental conditions in calves through investigating the relationship between sensor-derived ABI and the temperature-humidity index (THI). Furthermore, to identify effective ABI indicative of heat stress status, sensor-derived ABI of calves under differing heat stress levels based on rectal temperature (RT) were compared. The tail-attached device, which is capable of measuring skin temperature (ST), activity intensity, and roll angle along the longitudinal axis of the tail at 3-min intervals, was attached to 99 preweaning female Holstein calves for an average of 4 wk (26.4 ± 6.8 d). After selecting data from mild to hot days (daily average THI of ≥55), physiological (daily maximum tail ST) and behavioral (daily average activity intensity, daily total lying time, and daily total body position change) ABI were computed, and their relationship with the daily average THI was determined using piecewise regression analysis. Additionally, during the hot season, RT of 20 randomly selected tested calves were measured thrice a week (every 2.4 ± 0.5 d), and a comparison was conducted between the ABI of calves with normal RT (<39.5°C) and those with high RT (≥39.5°C), utilizing data from days characterized by potential heat stress (daily average THI of ≥75). During the study, ambient temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were recorded every 10 min using an automatic digital data logger, from which the daily average THI was calculated. Piecewise regression analysis identified THI breakpoints of 73.6 for tail ST, 79.1 for average activity intensity, 72.3 for lying time, and 79.1 for position change. All the tested ABI tended to increase as THI increased, and this trend was pronounced in tail ST, activity intensity, and position change after the breakpoint. These 3 ABI were higher in calves with high RT compared with those with normal RT, whereas lying time shared similar values between the RT groups. Overall, these findings suggest that the tail-attached device can simultaneously monitor both physiological and behavioral ABI in calves, and among the ABI, tail ST, activity intensity, and position change are the effective ABI indicative of heat stress status.

DOI： 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0515

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective in the present study was to assess the ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) for the early detection of Japanese Black calves with fever. This study collected data from a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki, Japan, that included 153 calves aged 3-4 months. A wearable wireless ST sensor was attached to the surface of the ventral tail base of each calf at its introduction to the farm. The ventral tail base ST was measured every 10 min for one month. The present study conducted an experiment to detect calves with fever using the estimated residual ST (rST), calculated as the estimated rST minus the mean estimated rST for the same time on the previous 3 days, which was obtained using machine learning algorithms. Fever was defined as an increase of ≥1.0 °C for the estimated rST of a calf for 4 consecutive hours. The machine learning algorithm that applied was a random forest, and 15 features were included. The variable importance scores that represented the most important predictors for the detection of calves with fever were the minimum and maximum values during the last 3 h and the difference between the current value and 24- and 48-h minimum. For this prediction model, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity were 98.8%, 72.1%, and 88.1%, respectively. The present study indicated that the early detection of calves with fever can be predicted by monitoring the ventral tail base ST using a wearable wireless sensor.

DOI： 10.3390/ani13030469

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this study, we developed calving prediction models for 24-h and 6-h periods before calving using data on physiological (tail skin temperature) and behavioral (activity intensity, lying time, posture change, and tail raising) parameters obtained using a multimodal tail-attached device (tail sensor). The efficiencies of the models were validated under tethering (tie-stall) and untethering (free-stall and individual pen) conditions. Data were collected from 33 and 30 pregnant cattle under tethering and untethering conditions, respectively, from approximately 15 days before the expected calving date. Based on pre-calving changes, 40 features (8 physiological and 32 behavioral) were extracted from the sensor data, and one non-sensor-based feature (days to the expected calving date) was added to develop models using a support vector machine. Cross-validation showed that calving within the next 24 h under tethering and untethering conditions was predicted with a sensitivity of 97% and 93% and precision of 80% and 76%, respectively, while calving within the next 6 h was predicted with a sensitivity of 91% and 90% and precision of 88% and 90%, respectively. Calving prediction models based on the tail sensor data with supervised machine learning have the potential to achieve effective calving prediction, irrespective of the cattle housing conditions.

DOI： 10.3390/ani12162095

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study assessed the economic loss due to treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in Japanese Black calves that were introduced to a backgrounding operation from the age of 3 to 4 months until the age of 10 months. The data collected from a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki, Japan included the records of 2,690 animals entering the farm from 2013 to 2018. The treatment duration was defined as the number of days from the beginning to end of treatment. The cost of treatment was defined as the total cost of treatment during the treatment duration. The average incidence of BRD was 54.6%, and the relative frequency of calves that had BRD once, twice, and three or more times until they left the farm was 64.4%, 26.8%, and 8.8%, respectively (total recorded diagnoses of BRD: 2,494). Among the 2,494 recorded diagnoses, the average and median duration of treatment of BRD was 5.9 days and 3.0 days, respectively. The average and median cost of treatment was 7,767 and 5,600 Japanese yen, respectively. A prolonged duration of treatment and high cost of treatment were associated with BRD relapse, steers, and early stage of production (P<0.05). At the studied farm, the total cost of treatment during the 6-year study period was 19,658,988 yen, and the annual cost was approximately 3 million yen. In summary, the present study showed that BRD had a large economic impact in this backgrounding operation.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.22-0178

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of herd size on stillbirth and dystocia rates; the relationships between herd size, calving season, parity, and gestation length in Japanese Black cattle were also explored. Data were collected for 41,184 calvings from 15,512 animals on 905 farms between 2006 and 2010. In this study, herds were classified into three groups based on size: small (1-10 cows), medium (11-50 cows), and large (≥51 cows). Herd size had an effect on the dystocia rate (p &lt; 0.05) but not the stillbirth rate. Additionally, interactions between herd size and gestation length were associated with the dystocia rate (p &lt; 0.05), and the dystocia rate was the highest in small herds, followed by medium and large herds for cows with a gestation length of 281-300 days, which is considered a pregnancy of normal duration. In summary, in Japanese Black cattle, there were different effects of herd size on the stillbirth rate and dystocia rates, as herd size was associated with the dystocia rate but not with the stillbirth rate.

DOI： 10.3390/ani12151994

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Calf mortality severely affects productivity in the beef industry. The present study was conducted to assess the calf mortality risk (CMR) in Japanese Black calves and investigate potential associations between calf/cow information and the CMR. Records for calves born between April 2006 and March 2010 were extracted from an existing database, which included production data on commercial cow-calf operations in Miyazaki, Japan. The study group comprised 40,462 calves born to 15,600 cows on 908 farms. Because calves on the studied farms were weaned at approximately 4 months of age, the calf records were collected from birth to 120 days. The CMR was calculated as the number of dead calves divided by the number of surviving calves. Mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine potential associations between the CMR and the factors hypothesized to influence that risk. CMR analyses were performed separately for the following production stages: days 0-30, days 31-60, days 61-90 and days 91-120 after birth. Of the 40,462 calves, 1465 died during days 0-120 after birth, and the CMR was 3.6 %. Of the 1465 dead calves, 35.9 % died within 10 days after birth. During the 0-30-day period, the CMR was associated with dam parity, calving status, gestation length, sex, birth season and twin births (P < 0.05), but not with the number of inseminations to conception. Low parity, dystocia, gestation lengths < 280 days and > 301 days, male calves, calves born in autumn and winter and twin births yielded higher CMRs. Low dam parity also yielded higher CMRs during the 31-60-day, 61-90-day and 91-120-day periods (P < 0.05), but no other factors were associated with the CMR during these periods. Thus, various cow and calf factors were shown to be associated with CMRs in Japanese Black calves, and calves with these factors should be considered high-risk calves.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105716

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between the number of cross-fostering (CF) piglets and subsequent productivity of sows. Data were obtained from seven commercial farms including 41,086 farrowing records. Sows were divided into those that fostered out three or more piglets (CF ≥ 3-), fostered out one or two piglets (CF1-2-), did not do CF (NCF), fostered in one or two piglets (CF1-2+), and fostered in three or more piglets (CF ≥ 3+). CF ≥ 3- sows had the lowest number of piglets weaned and the highest preweaning mortality rate, whereas CF ≥ 3+ sows had the second-lowest number of piglets weaned and the second-highest preweaning mortality rate (p < .05). The number of piglets weaned and preweaning mortality rate did not differ among CF1-2-, NCF, and CF1-2+ sows. CF ≥ 3+ sows had the lowest farrowing rate (p < .05). The number of piglets born alive at the subsequent parity was highest for CF ≥ 3- sows (p < .05), followed in order by CF1-2-, NCF, CF1-2+, and CF ≥ 3+ sows (p < .05). In summary, CF1-2- and CF1-2+ sows showed no decreases in productivity compared with NCF sows, whereas CF ≥ 3- and CF ≥ 3+ sows had reduced productivity.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13752

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study aimed to produce a Theileria-free grazing system for Holstein heifers reared on a dairy farm in the Hita area, Kyushu, Japan. In the grazing area, spreading of T. orientalis infection was confirmed in 2009. To eradicate the T. orientalis infection, four measures were conducted: 1) 7-year deferred grazing; 2) grazing only T. orientalis-uninfected heifers; 3) anemia check by red blood cell parameters at least once per month; and 4) protecting heifers from blood-sucking T. orientalis-infected ticks. Grazing was restarted in 2017 in the same area and continued to 2021. During last 2 years of pasturing (2020-2021) all of the 129 heifers were confirmed to be T. orientalis-free. In summary, it is possible to establish a T. orientalis-free grazing system by conducting appropriate measures.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.21-0666

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Repeat breeding (RB) has been defined as failure to conceive from three or more regularly spaced services in the absence of detectable abnormalities, and cause economic loss on the farm owing to a declining conception rate. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive characteristics of RB in Japanese Black cattle by assessing the longitudinal effect of RB at a low parity on subsequent fertility raised in commercial cow-calf operations. Data used in this study were collected from 764 farms in Miyazaki. Data from 2005 until 2014 comprised 158,945 AI records with 80,453 parity records for 22,565 cows. The effect of RB at heifers and parities 1 and 2 cows on subsequent fertility and survival on four consecutive parities was investigated. The results showed that cows with the number of inseminations to conception (INS) of ≥4 at a low parity had a higher probability of being RB again at subsequent parities compared with cattle with INS 1 or 2. Additionally, the degree of the negative effect of an INS ≥4 on fertility and survival increased as they became older. On the other hand, cows with an INS of 2 had similar fertility and survival with those with an INS of 1. In summary, this study suggests that repeat breeders at a low parity have a higher probability of RB again at subsequent parities compared with cattle with INS 1 or 2, and the negative effect of an INS ≥4 increases as parity increases.

DOI： 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In Japan, many pig producers buy antimicrobials using veterinarians' prescriptions. Even if veterinarians prescribe antimicrobials for treatments and metaphylaxis, producers may be using them for prophylaxis on farms with a high incidence of chronic diseases. To reduce the frequency of antimicrobial use, we applied the concept of medication adherence and launched an intervention in eight farrow-to-finish farms. For the intervention farms, we attempted to implement measures for preventing the repeated onset of chronic infections that interfered with adherence, confirmed the need to continue medications, and discontinued medications if possible. For each farm, these interventions began at different time points after 2017 and continued until 2020. We evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention based on the amount of active ingredients/population correction unit and the total number of defined daily doses for the weight group/slaughter pig. The ratio of antimicrobial use for both indicators in the year 2020 compared with the start of the intervention decreased on all farms. Among the eight non-intervention farms, six showed an increase in both indicators. These results suggest that interventions for chronic diseases administered by producers and veterinarians lead to high adherence to prescriptions and responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials on pig farms.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13713

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/grs.12333

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/dairy3040054

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本獣医師会  

豚熱ワクチン接種から分娩までの期間と初乳摂取制限が哺乳期子豚への豚熱抗体付与に及ぼす影響について調査した．研究には，豚熱ワクチン接種妊娠豚3頭及び未接種妊娠豚2頭から娩出された産子を用い，それぞれ①ワクチン接種～分娩までの期間及び②娩出後6時間の初乳摂取制限の有無で区分した．哺乳中子豚の豚熱に対する中和抗体価は，初乳摂取制限をした群ではしない群に比べて有意に低値を示した．初乳摂取制限をした群のうち，ワクチン接種～分娩までの期間が21日の群では，161日以上の群に比べて哺乳中子豚の豚熱に対する抗体価は有意に低下し，生後14日以降の抗体陽性率は0％であった．本研究の結果から，未免疫状態の妊娠母豚への初回ワクチン接種時期と初乳摂取制限の双方は，哺乳期子豚の血中豚熱抗体量に明らかな影響を及ぼすことが明らかとなった．

DOI： 10.12935/jvma.75.e180

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

When a large-scale epidemic of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) occurred in 2013 in Japan, feedback feeding (feeding feces and gut tissues of infected piglets) was attempted to impart immunity to sows and immunize nursing piglets via breastfeeding. This study evaluated the effect of feedback feeding on PED control at 172 farms in Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures. Univariable and multivariable generalized linear models were used to analyze the associations between conduct of feedback feeding and damage from the outbreak (outbreak period and the number of piglet deaths) at the farm level. The within-farm outbreak period shortened over time after the regional outbreak began on Kyushu Island (P=0.009) and was longer on large-scale farms (mean 66.0 days, P=0.003) than small-scale farms (29.4 days) and on farms that used feedback feeding (145.2 days, P=0.059) than those that did not (66.0 days). The number of dead piglets decreased over time since the first regional case (P<0.001) and was higher at farrow-to-finish farms (3.8 piglets/sow, P<0.001) than reproduction farms (0.7 piglets/sow). The effect of feedback feeding on the number of dead piglets was not significant, but its interaction term with farm style had a significant effect (5.0 more piglet deaths at reproduction farms than fallow-to-finish farms, P=0.001). These results suggest that feedback feeding made the damage from PED worse, though it was well established at a later stage of the regional PED epidemic.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.21-0343

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Although several studies have shown that release of water channel proteins, aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP2 in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV-AQP1 and -AQP2), were altered in experimental kidney injury models, their release in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the release of uEV-AQP1 and -AQP2 is altered in patients with CKD. Urine samples were collected from 15 healthy volunteers (normal group) and 62 CKD patients who were categorized into six glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories (G1, G2, G3a, G3b, G4, and G5) in between 2005 and 2016 at Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan. uEV-proteins were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. The release of AQP1 and AQP2 were significantly decreased in patients with both CKD G4 and G5, in comparison with the normal group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values for AQP1 and AQP2 in patients with CKD G4 and G5 were 0.926 and 0.881, respectively. On the other hand, the AUC values in patients with CKD G1-G3 were 0.512 for AQP1 and 0.680 for AQP2. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that AQP1 and AQP2 in combination were useful for detecting CKD G4 and G5, with a higher AUC value of 0.945. These results suggest that the release of uEV-AQP1 and -AQP2 was decreased in patients with CKD G4 and G5, and these proteins might be helpful to detect advanced CKD.

DOI： 10.14814/phy2.15005

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Theileria orientalis on the severity of anemia, the prevalence of disease within 21 days after calving and productivity in cows raised inside barns. This longitudinal observational study, which was conducted on a commercial dairy farm in Japan, involved 627 Holstein cows subjected to PCR analysis for T. orientalis. In study 1, we collected blood samples from 156 sick cows within 21 days after calving, and we found the prevalence of T. orientalis infection to be 65.4%. In study 2, we randomly selected 471 cows during the dry period and collected blood samples to conduct PCR analysis for T. orientalis and determined the prevalence of T. orientalis infection to be 69.0%. Compared with the values for the T. orientalis-uninfected group, the T. orientalis-infected cows had significantly decreased hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit, but there were no differences in the other complete blood count indexes between the two groups. In addition, there were no differences in productivity and the prevalence of major diseases between the T. orientalis-infected and uninfected cows. In summary, T. orientalis had few effects on anemia, productivity and the health of cows raised inside a barn.

DOI： 10.3390/pathogens10060650

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.20-0436

Web of Science

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Theileria orientalis infection and the influence of this disease on dairy grazing heifers in Kyushu by monitoring red blood cell (RBC) indexes, and to evaluate the efficacy of diminazene diaceturate treatment of T. orientalis-infected animals. A monthly epidemiological survey was conducted for Holstein heifers, which were reared from 10 to 16 months of age on a large commercial dairy farm and grazed on eight independent grasslands from April to November, 2009. During the survey, a total of 2,803 blood samples were collected from the 891 grazing heifers, in which the prevalence of T. orientalis infection was 52.4%. Compared with the heifers before infection, heifers with high parasitemia (more than 100 parasites per 104 RBC) had significantly decreased RBC indexes, such as RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit (P<0.05), whereas heifers with low parasitemia (less than 100 parasites per 104 RBC) had similar RBC indexes as those before infection. Treatment with diminazene diaceturate had lower efficacy in heifers with high parasitemia than those with low parasitemia (40.7% and 73.2% became negative, respectively, P<0.05). In summary, T. orientalis infection is a potentially serious problem in Kyushu, and it is important to routinely implement control programs for heifers that are grazed on grasslands in this region.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.20-0567

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本養豚学会  

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記述言語：日本語  

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：獣医疫学会  

本研究では，大規模酪農場で飼養されている乳牛を対象として，1日当たり分娩数と気象条件および月相の関連性を分析すること，夜間分娩に関連する要因を明らかにすること，そして潮位と分娩の関連性を明らかにすることを目的とした。九州に所在するホルスタイン種約2,500頭を飼養する大規模酪農場1農場を対象とし，2013年1月1日から2016年12月31日までの1,461日間に分娩した8,485分娩記録を収集した。1日当たり分娩数と気象条件および月相の関連性に関して，調査に用いた最高気温などの気象条件および月相は1日当たり分娩数と有意な関連性がみられなかった。夜間（19時から7時前まで）における分娩確率に関して，夜間分娩の割合は46.3%であり，昼間の時間帯よりも少なかった。夜間分娩確率は初産牛において2産以上の牛よりも高く，夜間分娩のオッズ比は1.11倍高かった（95%信頼区間：1.01-1.22）。また，1-3月分娩と比較して，7-9月分娩では夜間分娩のオッズ比が1.16倍高かった（95%信頼区間：1.03-1.31）。潮位と分娩数の関連性に関して，初産牛では，潮位が高くなるにつれて1時間当たり分娩数が有意に減った（回帰係数±標準誤差：0.00086±0.000362；P＝0.01）。一方，2産以上の牛では潮位と分娩数の関連性はみられなかった。まとめとして，乳牛の分娩と気象条件および月相の関連性はみられなかったが，夜間分娩の確率は初産牛および7-9月分娩で高くなった。また，初産牛では潮位と分娩の関連性がみとめられた。

DOI： 10.2743/jve.25.44

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2021310176

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本養豚学会  

近年育種改良による産子数の増加に伴い，哺乳可能な頭数より多くの子豚を分娩する母豚が増加しており，その対策として里子処置が実施されている。本研究では，里子処置が離乳時の子豚成績や離乳後の繁殖成績に及ぼす影響を探査することを目的とした。本研究では多産系母豚を飼養している養豚生産農場1農場において2016年3月から2017年2月までに分娩した母豚1,337頭における分娩記録2,292記録を分析に用いた。本研究では里子処置の実施の有無に基づき，各母豚を以下の3つに分類した：里子処置なしの母豚，里子により哺乳開始頭数が自身の生存産子数よりも減少した母豚（里子－の母豚），里子により哺乳開始頭数が増加した母豚（里子+の母豚）。里子処置と生産性の関連性の分析には線形混合効果モデルを用い，哺乳開始頭数と産次をモデルに加えた。本研究に用いた2,292腹のうち，里子が行われた腹は1,366腹（59.6%）であり，里子－が28.5%，里子+が31.1%であった。一腹当たり離乳子豚数および哺乳中子豚死亡率は哺乳開始頭数が13-14頭においてのみ里子処置間の差がみられ，里子－および里子なしの母豚は里子+の母豚よりも哺乳中子豚死亡率が1.2～1.7%高く，一腹当たり離乳子豚数が0.3～0.4頭低かった（P<0.05）。離乳時子豚平均体重は里子－の母豚が里子なしおよび里子+の母豚よりも0.2kg低かった（P<0.05）。離乳後初回交配日数および初回交配時分娩率は里子処置と関連性がみられなかったが，次産次一腹当たり生存産子数は里子－の母豚が最も多く，里子+の母豚が最も少なかった（P<0.05）。結論として，里子処置の実施の有無によって離乳時の子豚成績の一部に差がみられたものの，離乳後の繁殖成績には差がみられなかった。

DOI： 10.5938/youton.58.1_19

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その他リンク： https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/youton/58/1/58_19/_pdf

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本養豚学会  

DOI： 10.5938/youton.58.1_45

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その他リンク： https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/youton/58/1/58_45/_pdf

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate the incidence and prevalence of clinical mastitis, peracute mastitis, metabolic disorders, and peripartum disorders, and to examine factors affecting the prevalence of each disease in cows raised on a large dairy farm in a temperate climate in Japan. The present study was performed on a large commercial dairy farm with approximately 2500 Holstein cows. Data were collected from 2014 to 2018, and involved 9663 calving records for 4256 cows. RESULTS: The incidence rate on the farm was 21.9% for clinical mastitis, 10.4% for peracute mastitis, 2.9% for metabolic disorders, and 3.2% for peripartum disorders. The prevalence rates for clinical mastitis, peracute mastitis, metabolic disorders, and peripartum disorders were 28.0, 13.3, 3.7, and 4.0%, respectively. In all four diseases, the probability of time to occurrence for each disease was associated with parity and calving season (P < 0.05). Regarding metabolic disorders and peripartum disorders, the probability of occurrence decreased during the first 10 days after calving. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that clinical mastitis occurred most often in this temperate zone, and that metabolic disorders and peripartum disorders occurred from calving to day 10 post-calving.

DOI： 10.1186/s12917-020-02613-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study aimed to determine if lactation can be induced by exogenous hormonal treatment in non-pregnant sows. In experiment 1, pseudopregnant animals were divided into four groups and given: 1) 5 mg of estradiol dipropionate (EDP) 5 days before (n = 4), 2) 5 mg of EDP 10 days before (n = 3), 3) 10 mg of EDP 5 days before (n = 3) or 4) 10 mg of EDP 10 days (n = 3) before PGF2α treatment. Artificial lactation was induced in seven pseudopregnant sows (53.8%) by exogenous hormonal treatment. There was no significant effect of either an increased EDP dosage or interval from the EDP treatment to PGF2α treatment on the induction rate of artificial lactation. In experiment 2, milk samples were collected from artificial lactating and natural lactating sows (n = 6). IgG and IgA levels in the milk collected from both groups were significantly associated with time during the experimental period. Milk IgG levels 24 h after PGF2α treatment in artificial lactating sows were higher than those in the colostrum of lactating sows. In experiment 3, hormonal profiles in pseudopregnant sows with (n = 3) or without (n = 3) EDP treatment were determined. There was a significant difference in estradiol-17β levels on days 8, 7 and 5 before PGF2α treatment between groups. Progesterone and prolactin concentrations did not differ between groups. The present study revealed for the first time that lactation could be induced by exogenous hormonal treatment in non-pregnant sows and that the milk collected from these sows contained high immunoglobulin levels.

DOI： 10.1262/jrd.2020-034

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this study, we developed a calving prediction model based on continuous measurements of ventral tail base skin temperature (ST) with supervised machine learning and evaluated the predictive ability of the model in 2 dairy farms with distinct cattle management practices. The ST data were collected at 2- or 10-min intervals from 105 and 33 pregnant cattle (mean ± standard deviation: 2.2 ± 1.8 parities) reared in farms A (freestall barn, in a temperate climate) and B (tiestall barn, in a subarctic climate), respectively. After extracting maximum hourly ST, the change in values was expressed as residual ST (rST = actual hourly ST - mean ST for the same hour on the previous 3 d) and analyzed. In both farms, rST decreased in a biphasic manner before calving. Briefly, an ambient temperature-independent gradual decrease occurred from around 36 to 16 h before calving, and an ambient temperature-dependent sharp decrease occurred from around 6 h before until calving. To make a universal calving prediction model, training data were prepared from pregnant cattle under different ambient temperatures (10 data sets were randomly selected from each of the 3 ambient temperature groups: <15°C, ≥15°C to <25°C, and ≥25°C in farm A). An hourly calving prediction model was then constructed with the training data by support vector machine based on 15 features extracted from sensing data (indicative of pre-calving rST changes) and 1 feature from non-sensor-based data (days to expected calving date). When the prediction model was applied to the data that were not part of the training process, calving within the next 24 h was predicted with sensitivities and precisions of 85.3% and 71.9% in farm A (n = 75), and 81.8% and 67.5% in farm B (n = 33), respectively. No differences were observed in means and variances of intervals from the calving alerts to actual calving between farms (12.7 ± 5.8 and 13.0 ± 5.6 h in farms A and B, respectively). Above all, a calving prediction model based on continuous measurement of ST with supervised machine learning has the potential to achieve effective calving prediction, irrespective of the rearing condition in dairy cattle.

DOI： 10.3168/jds.2019-17689

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a common and costly disease of beef cattle, has various causes. In Japan, Japanese Black calves aged 3-4 months were introduced to a backgrounding operation that raises calves until age 10 months. We assessed whether any associations relating to the calf information on arrival at the backgrounding operation and BRD incidence in Japanese Black calves exist. The data collected from a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki (Japan) included the records of 1843 animals entering the farm during 2012-2016. The information collected on arrival at the backgrounding operation was calf sex, age, blood line, weight and chest circumference, and the arrival season. Mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression modeling was applied to these data. The dependent variable was whether or not a calf showed the clinical signs of BRD and was subsequently treated with an antimicrobial between farm entry at 3-4 months of age and farm exit at 10 months of age (1 or 0). The first diagnosis of BRD after arrival was counted in this study. Average BRD incidence was 52.5 %, the relative frequencies of which at 0-30, 31-60 and ≥61 days after arrival were 58.7 %, 25.2 % and 16.1 %, respectively. BRD incidence was associated with sex, age and season (P < 0.05), but not blood line, weight, and chest circumference. Steers had 1.39 times higher odds than heifers of being diagnosed with BRD (P < 0.05). Calves entering in September to November had the highest BRD incidence (65.3 %), whereas those entering during March to May had the lowest BRD incidence (42.3 %; P < 0.05). Calves of ≤125 days old on farm arrival had higher BRD incidence than those ≥148 days old (P < 0.05). Thus, various factors on arrival at the backgrounding operation were found to be associated with BRD incidence in Japanese Black calves. It is important to carefully observe high-risk calves and monitor them for the clinical signs of BRD at the earliest opportunity on arrival at a backgrounding operation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105100

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the dissemination status of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in Japan under the national health insurance scheme. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who received CBT under the national health insurance scheme from fiscal years (FY) 2010 to 2015. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We estimated the change rate and the standardised claim ratio (SCR) for the number of patients receiving CBT and analysed the association between the CBT status and several regional factors. RESULTS: We found that (a) a total of 60 304 patients received CBT during the study period; (b) the number of patients receiving CBT was highest in the first year (-1.8% from FY2010 to FY2015); (c) the number of patients who received CBT per 100 000 population decreased (or remained at zero) in most prefectures (32 out of 47); (d) there was a maximum 424.7-fold difference between prefectures in the standardised claim ratio for CBT and (e) the number of registered CBT institutions was significantly associated with the number of patients who received CBT. CONCLUSIONS: The provision of CBT did not increase in the first 6 years (FY2010-2015) after its coverage in Japan's national health insurance scheme. Further studies including a questionnaire survey of registered CBT institutions are required to get more detailed information on the dissemination of CBT in Japan.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033365

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

It is well known that infectious diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) decrease herd productivity and lead to economic loss. It is believed that biosecurity practices are effective for the prevention and control of such infectious diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether or not an association between biosecurity level and herd productivity, as well as disease status exists on Japanese commercial swine farms. The present study was conducted on 141 farms. Biosecurity in each farm was assessed by a biosecurity assessment tool named BioAsseT. BioAsseT has a full score of 100 and consists of three sections (external biosecurity, internal biosecurity and diagnostic monitoring). Production data for number of pigs weaned per sow per year (PWSY) and post-weaning mortality per year (PWM) were collected for data analysis. Regarding PRRS status, the farms were categorized into two groups: unknown or unstable and stable or negative. In addition, these farms were categorized based on their PED status, either positive or negative. The total BioAsseT score was associated with herd productivity: as total score increased by 1, PWSY increased by 0.104 pigs and PWM decreased by 0.051 % (P <  0.05). Herd productivity was associated with the score of external and internal biosecurity (P <  0.05), but did not correlate with the score of diagnostic monitoring. Regarding PRRS status, farms with an unknown or unstable status had lower total score than those with stable or negative status (P < 0.05). Similarly, PED positive farms had a lower total score compared to PED negative farms (P <  0.05). In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for the association between high biosecurity levels and increased herd productivity as well as a decreased risk for novel introductions of infectious diseases such as PED.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104848

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objectives of this study were to assess abortion risk (AR) and the number of piglets that died during suckling periods per litter (DP) in farms infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in relation to herd immunization procedures. Data were obtained from 91 farms in Japan that had PED infection during 2013 to 2014. The 91 PED-positive farms were asked the number of abortions that occurred and DP for 3 months (1 month before PED outbreak (previous month), 1 month after PED outbreak (the month of PED), and from 1 month after PED outbreak to 2 months after PED outbreak (following month)). AR in each month was calculated as the number of abortions divided by sow inventory. Both AR and DP in the month of PED were higher than those in the previous and following months (p < .05). Farms that performed a herd immunization procedure had higher AR and DP in the month of PED than those that did not perform the procedure (p < .05). In summary, PED occurrence increased AR and DP.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13377

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective of the present study was to assess the productivity of pigs to investigate the time-dependent change in productivity and compare productivity according to breeding company group and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) status on commercial swine farms in southern Kyushu, Japan. Data used in the present study were 245 annual productivity records from 2014 to 2018 obtained from 72 farms. Average sow inventory was 481.2 sows. Mean numbers of pigs weaned per sow per year and market pigs sold per sow per year were 23.7 and 21.6, respectively. Pigs born alive per litter increased from 11.1 to 11.9 pigs from 2014 to 2018 (p < .05). Farms using domestic breeding companies had similar numbers in 2016 to those using international breeding companies, but fewer pigs in 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018 (p < .05). Farms with an unknown or unstable PRRS status had fewer pigs born alive per litter and pigs weaned per sow per year than those with stable or negative PRRS statuses (11.2 ± 0.06 vs. 11.8 ± 0.08 pigs and 22.6 ± 0.38 vs. 25.0 ± 0.22 pigs, respectively; p < .05). These results can be used to establish feasible targets and standards of performance to identify problem areas and improve production.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13492

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes enteritis, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and high mortality in suckling pigs, threatening the swine industry. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) re-emerged globally in 2013 in many important swine-producing countries in Asia and the Americas. Several studies have identified the risk factors for the spread of PEDV in acute outbreaks. However, limited information is available on the risk factors for the transmission of PEDV in endemic regions. We hypothesized that poor biosecurity, location, and some social or cultural practices are the main risk factors for PEDV transmission in the Vietnamese pig population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk factors for the transmission of PEDV in an endemic area in Vietnam. In this case-control study, questionnaires containing 51 questions were completed for 92 PEDV-positive and 95 PEDV-negative farms. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors associated with PEDV infection. Province and the total number of pigs were included as random effects to determine their influence on the risk of PEDV infection. Twenty-nine variables of interest that have been associated with PEDV status were analyzed in a univariate analysis (P <0.20), with backward stepwise selection. Only three of these 29 variables in four models remained significant PEDV risk factors in the final model: farrow-to-wean production type, distance from the farm to the slaughterhouse (<1,000 m), and the presence of chickens on site (P <0.05). This is the first study to identify the main risk factors for PEDV infection in an endemic area. Our findings suggest that hygiene measures should be strictly implemented on farms for the effective control and prevention of PEDV infection.

DOI： 10.3389/fvets.2020.00433

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記述言語：英語  

Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is characterized by hypoproteinemia. There are currently no reliable reports that provide a reference value for the total serum protein (TP) concentration to clinically diagnose EPE. The objective of this study was to statistically determine the reference value. Feces and sera of 99 foals with EPE-like clinical signs and of 35 healthy foals were obtained. The samples were used for specific-gene detection of L. intracellularis, TP measurement, and specific-antibody detection against L. intracellularis. Based on these results, the optimal reference value for the TP concentration as a clinical diagnostic index of EPE was found to be ≤ 4.8 g/dl. This clinical diagnostic index will provide an effective approach for diagnosing EPE.

DOI： 10.1294/jes.30.63

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an emerging and/or re-emerging disease of pigs in several countries, with high morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets. Farms affected with PED perform various intervention practices to control and/or eliminate the PED virus. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effect of biosecurity measures and intervention practices to control PED on time to absence of clinical signs (TAC) and number of dead suckling piglets during TAC. A questionnaire was administered to 120-PED affected farms located across Japan between 2013, when the first case was reported in Japan, and 2014. Farms were asked to provide information on farm characteristics and internal or external biosecurity measures during PED outbreak, as well as on intervention practices to control PED. The TAC was defined as the number of days from the date that clinical PED signs appeared to the date that clinical PED signs disappeared. The number of dead piglets per sow (DP/S) was calculated as the number of dead suckling piglets during TAC divided by the sow inventory. Regarding the effect of biosecurity measures during PED outbreak on TAC and DP/S, longer TAC was observed in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-positive farms and farms outsourcing pig transport to the slaughterhouse (p <  0.05). In addition, farms with divided truck entrances had lower DP/S than those without divided entrances (p <  0.05).Regarding the effect of intervention practices to control PED on TAC and DP/S, farms that performed feedback at 2 weeks or later after PED outbreak had longer TAC and higher DP/S than other farms (p <  0.05). Farms that fixed the hours staff worked in farrowing barn had lower DP/S than the other farms (p <  0.05). In conclusion, variables associated with long TAC were Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -positive farms, farms outsourcing pig transport to the slaughterhouse, and farms performing feedback at 2 week or later after PED outbreak. Additionally, those associated with high DP/S were farms without divided entrances, farms without a fixed hours worked in the barn, and farms that performed feedback at 2 week or later after PED outbreak.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104710

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0220255

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this study, we examined factors that affected milk production by cows raised in a temperate climate area. We conducted this study on a large dairy farm containing approximately 2000 Holstein cows, located in a temperate climate area. We collected 7803 calving records for 4069 cows from 2012 to 2016. We then assessed the effect of hot weather on milk yield by examining three climate factors: season, maximum temperature (MAX), and the temperature and humidity index (THI). We found that increases in heat stress caused linear decreases in milk yield (P < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of the three climate factors on milk yield varied depending on cow parity and days open (P < 0.05). Thus, management procedures should consider cow parity and lactating stage to minimize the negative effects of heat stress on milk production. We also found that the lowest Akaike information criterion value was obtained in our model when using THI for 305-day milk yield. This suggests that THI is a more accurate variable for evaluating heat stress than MAX or season.

DOI： 10.1007/s11250-018-1720-6

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.008

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.18-0132

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

It is well known that pigs are sensitive to heat stress, but few studies have assessed the critical temperature that affects farrowing rate. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of outside temperature on farrowing rate by using a multivariate logistic regression model. Data were obtained from 25 commercial farms, including 26,128 service records for gilts and 120,655 service records for sows. Two variables, maximum temperature (MAX) and temperature humidity index (THI), were used as an indicator for climate conditions. In gilts, an interaction between climate conditions and service number was associated with farrowing rate (p < .05). In the first service, farrowing rate decreased as climate conditions increased, whereas no relationship was found in the second service or later. In sows, farrowing rate at first service decreased as MAX increased from 22°C or THI increased from 66 (p < .05), but no apparent reduction under heat conditions was found in the second service or later. Additionally, effect of heat stress on farrowing rate in parities 1-2 was higher than those in parities 3-5 and ≥6 (p < .05). These results can be applied to field conditions as a standard for the critical temperature for farrowing rate.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13048

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) occurred in Japan in 2013 after an interval of 7 years. The present study assessed individual productivity of sows exposed to PED virus at different periods of the production stage. The present study was performed at three commercial farms that had PED outbreak during the month of December 2013. Herd immunization was conducted for all gilts and sows. The production records were obtained for sows that were alive during the PED outbreak at each farm. The sows were categorized into six groups based on the period in which they were exposed to PED virus between days 0-30 (G1), 31-60 (G2), 61-90 (G3), or after 91 days of pregnancy (G4), during lactation (L), and after weaning (W). The control group was assigned based on the records before the period of PED outbreak (uninfected group). The number of sow's records obtained from farms A, B, and C were 1056, 1137, and 1035, respectively. Compared with the uninfected group, there was no reduction in the number of pigs born alive in the G1-G4 groups. Sows of the G4 and L groups, however, had 4-9 pigs fewer pigs weaned, and a 36%-77% greater pre-weaning mortality than the uninfected group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in farrowing rate and number of pigs born alive at subsequent parities among the sow groups. There were no interactions between sow groups and parity for sow productivity.

DOI： 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.017

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/rda.13191

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective of this study was to investigate factors that caused rapid spread during the early phase of the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) epidemic in Japan in 2013 and 2014. Anonymized datasets from all pig farms were provided by Kagoshima (709 farms) and Miyazaki Prefectures (506 farms). Semi-parametric survival analysis was conducted using the first 180 days from the first case on December 3, 2013 in Kagoshima Prefecture. To compare the hazard between different farm management types, univariable survival analysis was conducted. As farm sizes varied among different farm types, bivariable survival analysis was conducted for farm size categories and farm density per km2 for each management type. A case-control study using a postal questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2014, and risk factor analysis was performed using generalized linear models with binomial errors. The hazard was significantly higher in farrow-to-finish farms than fattening farms [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.6, p < 0.01], but was not significantly different between reproduction and fattening farms (HR = 1.3, p = 0.16). In separate bivariable survival analyses for each farm type, large- and middle-scale farms had higher hazard than small-scale farms in fattening (HR = 5.8 and 2.6, respectively, both p < 0.01) and reproduction farms (HR = 4.0 and 3.6, respectively, both p < 0.01). In farrow-to-finish farms, large-scale farms had higher hazard than small-scale farms (HR = 2.8, p < 0.01), and higher farm density per km2 was also a risk factor (HR = 7.6, p < 0.01). In the case-control study, questionnaires were returned from 78 PED virus-infected and 91 non-infected farms. The overall response rate was 34%. Risk factors of the final model were occurrence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in the past 5 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97-4.00, p = 0.054], use of a common compost station (OR = 2.51, 95%CI: 1.08-5.83, p = 0.03), and use of a pig excrement disposal service (OR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.05-6.63, p = 0.04). High hazard in farrow-to-finish farms suggested transmission from slaughterhouses to susceptible suckling piglets. Hazard associated with large-scale farms and high density might be due to frequent vehicle entrance and transmission by roads. Improvement of farm hygiene management and avoidance of risky practices associated with contact with pig excrement were keys in preventing invasion of PED virus to a farm.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.12.008

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Blackwell Publishing Ltd  

DOI： 10.1111/rda.13049

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.12.008

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本養豚学会  

授乳期の母豚は自身の維持成長に加えて子豚に対する乳生産を行うため，多くの栄養摂取が必要となる。飼料摂取量向上の対策として，母豚が常時飼料を摂取することができる不断給餌が挙げられる。本研究では，不断給餌器を用いた不断給餌が授乳中母豚の飼料摂取量およびその後の生産性に与える影響を調査することを目的とした。本研究はランドレース種と大ヨークシャー種の交雑種母豚を約350頭飼養している一般生産農場で実施した。2014年9月11∼13日に分娩した3産以上の母豚19頭を対象として，これらの母豚を自由摂食群（不断給餌器を用いた自由摂食群:n＝10）と従来給餌群（一日二回の従来給餌:n＝9）に無作為に分類した。試験開始日は分娩後4日目とし，離乳日（分娩後20日目）までの17日間，飼料摂取量を毎日観察した。また生産成績として，平均離乳子豚体重および離乳後初回交配日数を調査した。試験期間17日間における総飼料摂取量の平均（±SEM）は105.0±4.8 kgであり，自由摂食群の方が従来給餌群よりも高い傾向にあったが（111.5±7.6 vs. 97.9±4.8 kg;P＝0.16），本解析の検出力は0.235であった。生産成績に関して自由摂食群は従来給餌群よりも平均離乳子豚体重が大きく（9.1±0.1 kg vs. 7.8±0.1 kg;P<0.05），離乳後初回交配日数が短かった（4.8±0.1日 vs. 5.4±0.2日;P<0.05）。本研究では，検出力が低い中，不断給餌器を用いた不断給餌により飼料摂取量が増加することが示唆され，またその効果として，その後の生産成績が向上する可能性が示唆された。

DOI： 10.5938/youton.55.2_31

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.16-0471

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.025

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：鶏病研究会  

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.013

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本養豚学会  

DOI： 10.5938/youton.54.2_29

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11250-017-1257-0

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担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本畜産学会  

<p>本研究では，宮崎県に所在する黒毛和種牛の繁殖農場を対象として，繁殖雌牛に対する飼養管理の実態を調査した．本研究に用いた農場数は331農場であり，母牛頭数の平均は21.3±1.8頭であった．農場の飼養規模に関して，母牛頭数が1～10頭である農場の割合は，44.3%と最も多かった．母牛の飼養頭数が1～10頭である農場を小規模農場，21頭以上である農場を大規模農場とした．分娩前後において，分娩予定牛を分娩房で飼養する農場割合は大規模農場が小規模農場に比べて高かったが（<i>P</i><0.05），繁殖雌牛をつなぎで飼養する農場割合は小規模農場が大規模農場よりも高かった（<i>P</i><0.05）．分娩時に敷料としてのこくずを使用する農場割合は，大規模農場で83.9%と最も高かった（<i>P</i><0.05）．発情確認の方法では，腟内温度センサーを使用する農場割合は，大規模農場が小規模農場に比べて高かった（<i>P</i><0.05）．結論として，本研究では黒毛和種繁殖雌牛に対する飼養管理が飼養規模で異なることを明らかにした．</p>

DOI： 10.2508/chikusan.88.303

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.007

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.06.005

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：獣医疫学会  

<p>Problems occurred on livestock production are related to several factors that interacted with each other, and it is difficult to quantify possible risk factors affecting to production performance. Production epidemiology is an essential tool for assessing these problems by identifying the incidence rate, relative frequency, and risk factors related to the problems using large database obtained from livestock production. Recently the livestock industry changes their standard operation procedures to improve their production efficiency and increases number of animals per farm. These changes build a large database that contains record and process of animal identifications or production event. However, an application of the database in livestock species remains under-utilized because a farmer or adviser does not have enough knowledge or time to perform epidemiological analysis. It is important to enhance our knowledge on production epidemiology to identify problem areas and improve their production in livestock production. This paper provides the concepts and the applications of production epidemiology using the production data acquired from commercial livestock operations in order to improve production efficiency.</p>

DOI： 10.2743/jve.20.9

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.15-0013

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Science Publications  

DOI： 10.3844/ajavsp.2016.85.90

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences  

DOI： 10.6090/jarq.50.361

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.4190/jjlac.7.14

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12299

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/00071668.2014.966057

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12140

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.026

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.07.016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：明治大学農学部  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2527/jas.2011-4313

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.10.002

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：獣医疫学会  

本研究の目的は，四つに細分化した母豚の生涯非生産日数（NPD）とその日数割合を農場生産性グループ間で比較することとした。本研究では，101農場における44,720頭の雌豚における生涯記録を用いた。生涯NPDは，出生後初交配から受胎までの日数（FMCI），生涯における離乳後初回交配日数（WMI），生涯における初回交配から受胎までの日数（MCI），淘汰産次における離乳から淘汰までの日数（WCI）の四つに細分化した。農場は，年間種付け雌豚当たり離乳子豚数の上位と下位25%で，高生産性農場，中生産性農場および低生産性農場に分類した。生涯NPDの平均（±SEM) は87.4±0.31日であった。FMCI，生涯WMI，生涯MCIおよびWCIの平均日数は，それぞれ5.8±0.10日，27.4±0.11日，14.9±0.16日および39.3±0.23日であり，日数割合はそれぞれ6.6%, 31.4%, 17.0%および45.0%であった。農場生産性グループ間で生涯生存日数に差は見られなかったが，高生産性農場は生涯NPDおよび細分化した四つのNPDが低生産性農場よりも短かった（P＜0.05）。高生産性農場では，低生産性農場よりもFMCI，生涯MCIおよびWCIの日数割合が1.9%から5.4%低かった（P＜0.05）。母豚の生涯繁殖効率を改善するために，各々のNPDの日数を減らすことが重要である。また，WCIは生涯NPDの中で最も大きな割合を占めているため，この日数をコントロールすることは重要である。

DOI： 10.2743/jve.16.135

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10015458413?from=CiNii

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.01.017

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本獸医師会  

重度の削痩が認められた30日齢の離乳豚を剖検したところ，線維素性胸膜肺炎がみられた．病理組織学的に，肺胸膜，心外膜および腎臓髄質に多数の壊死巣が認められ，その周囲を核が伸長した好中球が層状に取り巻く像が確認された．これらの病変部にはグラム陰性菌塊が認められた．同様の病変は肝臓，脾臓，腸間膜および大脳にも認められた．免疫組織化学的に，このグラム陰性桿菌は抗<i>Actinobacillus suis</i>血清に対して陽性反応を示した．病変部から病原菌の分離培養ができなかったため，ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋組織切片からDNAを分離した．16S rRNA遺伝子の一部を増幅・塩基配列解析した結果，分離したDNAは<i>A. suis</i>と高い相同性がみられた（100％の相同性，650bp比較）．以上の成績から，<i>A. suis</i>がこの子豚に壊死性胸膜肺炎，心外膜炎および腎炎を引き起こしたと考えられた．

DOI： 10.12935/jvma.64.381

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.10-0040

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：獣医疫学会  

本研究の目的は，国内生産農場における淘汰産次毎の母豚の生涯経済性の調査と，生涯純利益と飼料費，市場価格，飼料要求率，離乳子豚数の感受性分析を行うこととした。本研究では，101農場における53,996頭の母豚の繁殖記録を繁殖データとして用いた。産次毎の生涯純利益の経済モデルは繁殖データと経済的な仮定値から作られた。生涯純利益は，各産次の純利益の総和と母豚出荷代の合計から更新豚の費用を引いて算出した。各産次の純利益は，肉豚出荷代から飼料費，更新豚の減価償却費，施設費，交配費，治療・ワクチン費，出荷・と畜手数料，光熱費，人件費を引いて算出した。淘汰産次が1産から8産に増加するにつれて，生涯純利益は－272.8ドルから1,944.9ドルまで増加した。生涯純利益は3産において黒字となった。1産から5産までにおいて，各産次の純利益は145.8ドルから390.2ドルに増加した。感受性分析の結果，飼料費が0.40/kgドルから0.45/kgドルに増加すると，4産次までの生涯純利益は赤字となった。さらに，飼料費が0.50/kgドルに増加すると，全産次の生涯純利益が赤字となった。市場価格が4.25/kgドル以下となった場合，全産次の生涯純利益は赤字となった。しかし，飼料要求率の低下および離乳子豚数の増加は生涯純利益を増加させた。結論として，長期生存性を高めることは生涯純利益の増加につながる。母豚の生涯純利益を高めるためには，飼料費および飼料要求率の低下，離乳子豚数の増加が重要である。

DOI： 10.2743/jve.16.37

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その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010833347

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.09.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Veterinary Epidemiology  

動物福祉の観点から，欧米では，病気や外傷などの問題があった繁殖雌豚に対して安楽死が実行されている。しかし，国内の生産農場における安楽死の現状については報告されていない。本研究の目的は，日本の生産農場における雌豚の安楽死率と安楽死リスクの測定，安楽死された雌豚とその他の雌豚における分娩後の週毎の雌豚割合の比較とした。本研究では，101農場における2001年から2004年に出生した62,742頭の雌豚の生涯記録を用いた。101農場のうち，25農場（24.8％）が安楽死を行っていた。この25農場において，安楽死雌豚の農場平均割合（±標準誤差）は1.27±0.38％であり，幅は0.06％から8.44％であった。この25農場における21,094頭の雌豚では，安楽死，死亡，淘汰雌豚の割合は，それぞれ1.7％，9.7％，88.6％であった。安楽死雌豚の平均淘汰産次と生涯生存日数は3.3±0.13産，717.2±18.58日であった。年間安楽死率は0.63％であった。安楽死雌豚348頭のうち，53.7％が起立不能，25.0％が四肢障害という理由によって安楽死されていた。安楽死雌豚は，淘汰雌豚よりも淘汰産次が低く，生涯生存日数が短かったが（P＜0.05），死亡雌豚とは差がみられなかった。産次0, 1，2の安楽死リスクは，それぞれ0.23％，0.27％，0.23％であった。また，産次が3産から6産に上がるにつれて，安楽死リスクは0.22％から0.59％に上がった。分娩後0, 1，2週における雌豚割合は，安楽死雌豚が2.7％，21.6％，8.4％，死亡雌豚が9.8％，24.1％，11.1％，淘汰雌豚が0.1％，1.3％，2.6％であった。結論として，国内生産農場では繁殖雌豚への安楽死はあまり実施されていなかった。安楽死雌豚の淘汰パターンは死亡雌豚と同様であった。動物福祉の観点から，歩行困難等を示す雌豚は，死亡を待つのでなく，安楽死させることが望ましい。

DOI： 10.2743/jve.14.21

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本獸医師会  

本研究の目的は、離乳後6日以内交配母豚割合（PSW6）について、3農場グループと4期間グループでの違いを産次ごとに比較することであった。農場グループは年間種付け雌豚当たり離乳子豚数の上位と下位25％値で、高・中・低繁殖成績農場に分類した。4期間グループは離乳月を1〜3月、4〜6月、7〜9月、10〜12月に分類した。112農場における2005年分娩の71,451回の離乳後の交配記録を用いた。平均PSW6（±標準誤差）は82.9（±0.14）％であった。7〜9月の離乳母豚は、全産次で10〜12月の離乳母豚よりPSW6が低かった。高繁殖成績農場では、5産以上では、どの4期間でも離乳母豚でPSW6に差がなかった。繁殖成績を上げるために、7〜9月でもPSW6をあげる飼養管理が望まれる。

DOI： 10.12935/jvma.63.187

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.10.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.10.014

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：明治大学農学部  

本研究の目的は、生産農場における繁殖雌豚の行動測定の定義を明らかにし、妊娠末期豚と授乳期の母豚の行動を比較することであった。繁殖雌豚500頭一貫経営の生産農場を5年間で13回訪問した。分娩クレート内で飼育されている妊娠末期豚と授乳豚の4姿勢行動（立位、側臥、腹臥、犬座）と3つの常同行動（偽咀嚼、柵かじり、飲水器遊び）、そしてその他行動（rooting、 pawingと摂食行動）に関して、15分間隔6時間のポイントサンプリング法によって記録した。6時間25回の全回数あたりの姿勢と常同行動の観察割合を算出した。側臥と腹臥はともに横臥姿勢である。授乳豚は、立位、側臥、飲水器遊び、摂食行動を妊娠末期豚より多く示したが、犬座、腹臥、偽咀嚼、rootingとpawingは、妊娠末期豚が多く示した（P＜0.05）。分娩0から2日前には、8日以上前に比べて、妊娠末期豚は犬座姿勢と柵かじりが増えた（P＜0.05）。授乳が進むにつれて、母豚は腹臥、犬座、立位が増えた（P＜0.05）。本研究では農場で飼育されている授乳豚と妊娠末期豚の行動は違うことを示唆した。

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Veterinary Epidemiology  

本研究は，生産農場における妊娠後期の雌豚と授乳豚の蹄損傷の発生を比較すること，蹄損傷と産次，初交配日齢，及び生存時間との関連を分析することを目的とした。繁殖雌豚一貫経営農場に，2007年から2008年に6回訪問し，授乳豚舎で飼育されている妊娠後期の雌豚と授乳豚の蹄損傷を観察した。1雌豚当たり，8つの蹄において，それぞれ7部位に4段階の蹄損傷スコア (0, 1，2, 3) を記録した。総蹄損傷スコア (TPLS) は，8つの蹄7部位における蹄損傷スコアの合計と定義した。雌豚はTPLSの上位10パーセンタイルによって，低TPLS (0から5) と高TPLS (6以上) に分類した。統計分析には，混合効果モデルと生存時間分析を用いた。分娩クレートで飼育されている雌豚629頭の内，64.4％は少なくとも1つ蹄損傷を持っていた。平均TPLS (±SEM) は2.6±0.15であった。妊娠後期の雌豚は授乳豚よりもTPLSが高かった (4.1±0.42 vs. 2.1±0.14 ; P<0.05) 。さらに妊娠後期の雌豚と授乳豚のいずれにおいても，TPLSは高い産次でより高くなった（P<0.05) 。初交配日齢とTPLSは，妊娠後期の雌豚 (P＝0.08) と授乳豚 (P>0.10) において関連がなかった。生存時間とTPLSは，妊娠後期豚と授乳豚において関連がなかった（P>0.10) 。動物福祉向上の観点から，生産者は雌豚の重篤な蹄損傷を発見するために，分娩クレートで雌豚の蹄を頻繁に確認することが望ましいと考えられる。

DOI： 10.2743/jve.14.118

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00363769248?from=CiNii

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DOI： 10.2743/jve.14.105

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DOI： 10.2743/jve.14.47

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.001579

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DOI： 10.1292/jvms.71.263

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.12.018

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DOI： 10.1292/jvms.71.263

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DOI： 10.2743/jve.13.114

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2527/jas.2008-1047

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.12.029

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：明治大学農学部  

本研究の目的は、生産農場における妊娠末期豚と授乳豚の姿勢と常同行動を比較し、行動と繁殖成績の関連性を調べることであった。繁殖雌豚300頭一貫経営の生産農場を4年間で9回訪問した。分娩クレート内で飼育されている妊娠末期豚と授乳豚の3つの姿勢（立位、横臥、犬座）と3つの常同行動（偽咀嚼、柵かじり、飲水器遊び）を、15分間間隔で6時間のポイントサンプリングで記録した。6時間25回の全回数あたりの姿勢と常同行動の観察割合を算出した。妊娠末期豚が208頭と授乳豚349頭が分析された。授乳豚は、妊娠末期豚より、立位割合と飲水器遊び割合が多く、犬座割合と偽咀嚼割合が少なかった（P＜0.05）。妊娠末期豚も授乳豚においても、姿勢・常同行動は、繁殖成績には関連性がなかった。生産現場では、分娩クレート内での姿勢や常同行動は繁殖成績と関連がないと考えられる。

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その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010762860

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.021

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（商業誌、新聞、ウェブメディア）   出版者・発行元：畜産技術協会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：獣医疫学会  

本研究では雌豚への1回目種付け時と再種付け時での、2回と3回交配の経済的な利益の比較を行った。繁殖成績は117農場での102,553種付け記録を利用した。発情時期での1種付けには、1回以上の交配が行われている。1種付けあたりの費用と利益の経済モデルは、繁殖成績と経済的な仮定の値で作られた。離乳豚1頭あたりの価格は、市場価格から肥育コストである飼料費、ワクチン費、治療費、屠場までの運賃、屠場経費、労働費そして電気・水道・光熱費を差し引いて推定された。感受性分析は、2回交配における分娩率を上げる中で、3回交配による利益を追い抜く閾値を決定するようにしてなされた。初回種付けグループでは、3回交配された未経産豚と経産豚は2回交配された未経産豚と経産豚より、分娩率も分娩時生存産子数も上回っていた。再種付けグループでは、2回と3回交配の間で、分娩率も分娩時生存産子数にも差はなかった。離乳豚1頭あたりの価格は、101.1ドルと推定された。初回種付けの未経産豚と経産豚では、3回交配における純利益が、2回交配を上回った。それで、利益を最大にするために、日本では初回種付けされる雌豚には3回交配を、再発情した雌豚には2回交配を奨める。なお、感受性分析の結果は、生産者が2回交配で分娩率を1％上昇すれば、2回交配による利益が、3回交配による利益を超えることを示唆している。

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：獣医疫学会  

跛行や脚弱といった四肢の問題は、動物福祉の問題に関係していると考えられる。海外では、農場導入時の未経産豚における四肢の肢勢スコアが発表されているが、これはストール飼育された雌豚において、四肢に問題がある雌豚を発見することに役立つかもしれない。本研究は、生産農場において、ストール飼育された雌豚の四肢の肢勢を観察すること、肢勢スコアと生存時間、背脂肪厚及び行動との関連性を調査することを目的とした。繁殖雌豚500頭一貫経営農場に2年間で6回訪問し、雌豚の四肢の肢勢スコアを記録した。肢勢スコアは、OKとPOORに分類した。前肢において、肘が内側に曲がっているもの、後肢において、尻・後膝・飛節が直線上に位置にあり直肢している、または飛節が鎌状に曲がっているものをPOOR、POOR以外の肢勢をOKとした。また、少なくとも1本の肢の肢勢スコアがPOORであった雌豚をPOORグループ、その他の雌豚をOKグループに分類した。四肢の肢勢スコアと生存時間の関連性には、生存時間分析を用い、その他の分析には混合効果モデルを用いた。709頭における1,560観察記録の内、肢勢スコアがPOORであった記録は6.4％（1460記録）、OKであった記録は93.6％（100記録）であった。また、四肢の肢勢を複数回観察された495頭のうち、86.5％（428頭）は産次を経ても肢勢スコアが変化しなかった。0、1、2、5、6産次の雌豚は3産次と4産次の雌豚よりも肢勢スコアがPOORであった雌豚の割合が低くなった（P＜0.05）。生存確率に肢勢スコアによる差は見られなかった。また、淘汰リスクに肢勢スコアによる差はなかった。背脂肪厚、行動割合と肢勢スコアに関連性はなかった。本研究において、ストール飼育された雌豚における四肢の肢勢スコアは、生存時間、背脂肪厚及び行動と関連がないことを示唆した。

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：明治大学農学部  

本研究の目的は、生産農場における母豚の毛根の付いた体毛から、1）DNAを抽出する方法を確立すること、2）繁殖形質に関わる遺伝子の多型解析するためのPCR-RFLP法を確立することであった。雌豚の繁殖成績と遺伝情報の関連性を分析するための候補遺伝子として、豚メラノコルチン4受容体（MC4R）遺伝子を選択した。MC4R遺伝子は哺乳類において、エネルギーバランスと体重の調整に重要な因子である。肉豚のMC4R遺伝子の変異型は、肥満と増体量に関連性がある。また、生産農場において、体毛におけるサンプルの収集は、血液におけるサンプルの採取より簡単に行える。大規模生産農場を訪問し、ランドレース純系種豚2頭と交雑種豚3頭の母豚を選択し、体毛を採取した。分析には、一個体当たり5から30本の体毛を使用した。採取した体毛よりゲノムDNAを抽出し、MC4R遺伝子を含む周辺領域をPCR法により増幅した。PCR産物は一晩65℃でTaqI酵素により切断した。DNA断片を2％アガロースゲル電気泳動により分離し、MC4R遺伝子多型解析を実施した。毛根の付いた体毛一本当たりのDNA収量は70から1900ngであった。さらに、ランドレース純系種豚内で、MC4R遺伝子の多型を確認した。

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：明治大学農学部  

本研究の目的は、生産農場における妊娠末期豚と授乳豚の姿勢と常同行動を比較し、行動と繁殖成績の関連性を調べることであった。繁殖雌豚300頭一貫経営の生産農場を4年間で9回訪問した。分娩クレート内で飼育されている妊娠末期豚と授乳豚の3つの姿勢（立位、横臥、犬座）と3つの常同行動（偽咀嚼、柵かじり、飲水器遊び）を、15分間間隔で6時間のポイントサンプリングで記録した。6時間25回の全回数あたりの姿勢と常同行動の観察割合を算出した。妊娠末期豚が208頭と授乳豚349頭が分析された。授乳豚は、妊娠末期豚より、立位割合と飲水器遊び割合が多く、犬座割合と偽咀嚼割合が少なかった（P＜0.05）。妊娠末期豚も授乳豚においても、姿勢・常同行動は、繁殖成績には関連性がなかった。生産現場では、分娩クレート内での姿勢や常同行動は繁殖成績と関連がないと考えられる。

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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