Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1404: IV Asian Horticultural Congress – AHC2023

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1404.184

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ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1404: IV Asian Horticultural Congress – AHC2023

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1404.183

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1404: IV Asian Horticultural Congress – AHC2023

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1404.201

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1404: IV Asian Horticultural Congress – AHC2023

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1404.200

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1404: IV Asian Horticultural Congress – AHC2023

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1404.181

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

DOI： 10.3390/agronomy14020385

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor & Francis Group  

DOI： 10.1080/14620316.2023.2268066

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1376.15

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1376.18

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1376.31

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Society for Horticultural Science  

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1376.16

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：園芸学会  

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.22.45

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：園芸学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本フードシステム学会  

DOI： 10.5874/jfsr.22.29.4_7

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本農作業学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor & Francis Group  

DOI： 10.1080/19315260.2023.2177231

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本食品補蔵科学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：園芸学会  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：園芸学会  

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Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious perennial plant. Male plants have a higher yield than female plants; therefore, all-male cultivars are more commonly produced. In contrast, female plants have a higher spear weight than that of male plants. To increase profitability, selective cultivation of only female plants would increase the yield of asparagus with a thick spear, which has a higher unit price. However, the effects of cultivar and cropping type on the growth and yield of male and female asparagus plants have rarely been examined. This study compared the growth and yield of female and male plants of three cultivars grown under various cropping types: a rootstock planting forcing culture; a long-term harvest production system in an open field; and a semi-forcing culture. As a measurement of growth, the rootstock weight was significantly higher for female plants compared with that of male plants with the rootstock planting forcing culture. Regarding yield measurements, the spear weight and yield were not significantly different with the rootstock planting forcing culture. However, with the long-term harvest production system in the open field and semi-forcing cultures, the weight and yield of female plants were equivalent to or significantly higher than those of male plants, regardless of the cultivar, except during some harvest periods. These results indicated that the selective production of female plants may be advantageous in terms of growing heavier spears with a higher unit price in a long-term harvest production system in the open field and semi-forcing cultures in Japan. Additionally, the development of a simple and low-cost method for sex identification would be beneficial.

DOI： 10.21273/hortsci16786-22

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Other Link： https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/57/11/article-p1460.xml

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本生物環境工学会  

DOI： 10.2525/shita.34.136

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本農作業学会  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本食品保蔵科学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor & Francis  

DOI： 10.1080/19315260.2022.2061667

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本農作業学会  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.21273/HORTSCI16057-21

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本食品保蔵科学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Engineers and Scientists  

<p>Sauvage cultivation (hereinafter referred to as "sauvage") is a new labor-saving and low-cost cultivation method for producing cherry tomatoes in the open field. Compared with conventional single-stem cultivation (hereinafter "conventional"), the plant density is lower and the workload for the removal of side branches or training is not necessary. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the yield of sauvage in terms of dry matter production compared with those of conventional. Cherry tomatoes (variety Rossonapolitan) were grown by sauvage in 2017. Compared with the yields in conventional, the yields in sauvage were lower until 77 DAT, but became higher after 83 DAT. Until 77 DAT, the low total dry weight and low ratio of dry matter distribution to fruit were the cause of low initial yield in sauvage. The former was caused by the lower LAI and the lower light extinction coefficient of sauvage. The requirement for photoassimilates for lateral branches resulted in reduced distribution rates to the fruit. After 83 DAT, there was no difference in light use efficiency between sauvage and conventional, the increase in LAI resulted in equal light intereception and thus the same dry matter production. The ratio of dry matter distribution to fruit was also the same between conventional and sauvage, so the fruit production rate became similar between sauvage and conventional. Because there is no need for training the plants, growers can harvest for a longer period with a smaller workload, as a result, the yields are comparable or higher than those of conventional, although initial yields are low.</p>

DOI： 10.2525/shita.33.60

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1282.57

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DOI： 10.2503/hortj.UTD-122

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Farm Work Research  

<p>To increase the yield of one-year-old asparagus stocks grown in open field culture, a longer period for stock cultivation is required. The purpose of this study is to clarify the shape of holes appropriate for the early planting of asparagus. In the present study, plug seedlings were planted in five holes of different shapes, and the temperatures of the holes and growth were compared. The chilling hours less than 5℃were the most in the funnel-form holes II, followed by the conventional hole, the funnel-form holes I, the reverse bottle holes and cylindrical hole. The growth of seedlings planted in the reverse bottle holes was higher than that of seedlings planted in other holes. Therefore, the shape of the reverse bottle holes is the most appropriate for the early planting of asparagus.</p>

DOI： 10.4035/jsfwr.55.43

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

<p>To increase the yield performance and profitability of mini carrots, it is necessary to determine the most appropriate planting density. In the present study, a morphological survey of commercially-available mini carrots was conducted for eighteen months across Japan (Study 1) and a reference value for the upper limit of the morphological characteristics for growing and harvesting mini carrots was obtained. A study to compare and examine the characteristics (yield, shapes/sizes, and carotene/sugar contents) of mini carrots planted and grown under different conditions was also conducted; the periods of time required for harvest were 70 (conventional), 90, and 110 days and the planting density was 3 (conventional), 6, and 9 rows, i.e., 125,000, 250,000, 375,000 plants・10 a^–1, respectively (Study 2). The mean weight of the underground part and β-carotene/sugar contents of mini carrots planted in 3 rows and harvested after 110 days were significantly larger and higher, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the weight of the underground part when mini carrots were planted and harvested under other conditions. When carrots were planted in 6 rows, the characteristics of mini carrots, suggested by the results of Study 1, were maintained until 110 days. The longer the period of time required for harvest, the greater the yield and β-carotene/sugar contents. In conclusion, most measured data in terms of yield, shape, and qualities were not affected by the planting density in the case of customized harvesting after 70 days. When the harvesting period was delayed to 90 or 110 days, dense planting in 6 and 9 rows was appropriate to increase yield and qualities without changing the standard shape.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.19.381

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<p><i>Allium victorialis</i> L. subsp. <i>platyphyllum</i> Hulten is a perennial plant that can be found between Hokkaido and Nara Prefecture in Honshu, Japan. Although strains of <i>A. victorialis</i> near Hokkaido have been characterized, the morphological features of strains that span the rest of its range in Japan are unknown. Bulbs of 22 strains of <i>A. victorialis</i> were obtained from the Saku Branch of the Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station (Komoro City, Nagano Prefecture). These bulbs had been continuously cultivated at the station and originated from throughout the plant's range within Japan with emphasis on strains from the eastern region of Honshu. The collected strains were then cultivated in an open field in Komoro City of Nagano Prefecture. Fourteen morphological traits were evaluated once each year for three years (2015–2017) starting at bulb planting in order to account for seasonal variation and identify differences among the strains. Differences in the survey year and strain affected the morphological traits of <i>A. victorialis</i>. The survey year was more influential on several traits that were evaluated than strain based on two-way analysis of variance; some traits were shared among all strains. By comparing the average values of all the strains among the survey years, the leaf part was determined to increase over the three years. Based on principal component analysis, several strains collected from Nagano Prefecture did not group together, which indicates that the morphological traits of strains from Nagano Prefecture were highly diverse.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.19.407

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Farm Work Research  

<p>Cherry tomatoes require a longer harvesting time than large-sized tomatoes. Therefore, the labor and load of cherry tomato harvesting should be reduced. The characteristics of labor-saving harvesting procedures, such as the detachability of calyx and fruit stalk, differ with the cultivars of tomatoes for cherry tomatoes for table. In the present study, we investigated the time required for harvesting tomatoes with or without calyx. As a result, the time required for harvesting tomatoes without calyx was equivalent to or significantly shorter than that with calyx. The time required for harvesting tomatoes with calyx was longer for 'Rosso Neapolitan' and 'Aiko', with smaller aspect ratios. These results suggested that harvesting without calyx contribute to the reduction of labor and load in cherry tomato production.</p>

DOI： 10.4035/jsfwr.55.211

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

<p>"Norabona" is a <i>Brassica napus</i> L. leafy vegetable landrace that is grown in Kawasaki City of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The main stems of norabona are pinched at the beginning of the harvest period, and the flower stalks (lateral shoots), which grow immediately after this, are harvested. However, few studies have been conducted on pinching of the main stems, which may influence the yield, in the <i>Brassica</i> leafy vegetable and norabona. In the present study, a survey including four trials, performed in different years, was conducted to examine the effects of pinching of norabona's main stems, and the influences of differences in the timing and position of pinching of the main stems on the yield. The number of flower stalks, total yield, total biomass, and yield of salable products were significantly higher when the main stems were pinched at the beginning of the bolting stage (the stems had been growing but no buds had been identified). When pinching was conducted at the beginning of the bolting stage and the pinching position was low (close to the earth and half the number of true leaves in stock were removed), the total biomass in the trial of 2017 was smaller than when the pinching position was high (one quarter the number of true leaves in stock were removed), but half or fewer trials showed no significant differences in the total biomass. Furthermore, the mean weight of the flower stalk in the early harvest period was significantly greater when the pinching position was low.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.19.261

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.21273/HORTSCI14131-19

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DOI： 10.21273/HORTSCI13587-18

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<p>The present study focused on an open-field cultivation method for cherry tomatoes, based on summer to autumn harvest that uses nets to induce the plants and involves no lateral shoot pruning (referred to as the sauvage cultivation method). The yields and qualities of cherry tomato cultivated in fields in Kanagawa, Japan, located in a warm climate zone, and Iwate/Hiroshima, where summer to autumn harvest cherry tomatoes are widely cultivated, were assessed for 2 or 3 years. The economic efficiencies of the sauvage cultivation method were also assessed based on agricultural management indices. The yields per unit area and per plant with the sauvage cultivation method of cherry tomatoes were equal to or higher than the yields using the conventional method, in which all lateral shoots are removed. Regarding the fruit quality, the sugar content of cherry tomatoes cultivated using the sauvage cultivation method in the field in Iwate was similar or lower compared with the conventional method. Regarding the economic efficiency of the sauvage cultivation method, the profit per 10 a of cherry tomatoes grown using the sauvage cultivation method was 860,000–1,100,000 yen. The duration of working hours was 333–568 hours; therefore, the profit per hour was 1,933–2,661 yen.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.18.269

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010928030

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

<p>A large number of studies have been conducted on freshness retention in many different vegetables. If vegetables have a peduncle or calyx, they serve as a channel for transpiration. The results of studies involving lemons, eggplants, and husk tomato fruit suggest their influence on freshness retention of fruit. However, no study on cherry tomatoes has been conducted to examine the effects of a calyx on the storage quality of fruit. The present study, involving four varieties of cherry tomatoes that bear different shapes of fruit, aimed to examine the influence of a calyx on the fruit storage quality. When harvested cherry tomatoes were stored at 25°C, the weight loss and respiration rate of four varieties without a calyx were equal to or lower than those of cherry tomatoes with a calyx; the moisture and ascorbic acid contents of the four varieties without a calyx were equal to or higher than those of cherry tomatoes with a calyx. Whereas no mold grew on the four varieties without a calyx, it was identified on cherry tomatoes with a calyx. The mold incidence rates of round/oblate-shaped 'Chika' and 'Mini Carol' were significantly lower than the rates of pear-shaped 'Aiko' and 'Rosso Neapolitan', which suggests that the calyx shape influences the incidence of mold. The results of the study suggest that when cherry tomatoes are stored at 25°C, the storage quality of tomatoes without a calyx is better than that of cherry tomatoes with a calyx.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.18.295

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010928033

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1223.11

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ところで，アスパラガスを作付けするに当たり，生産者は品質や収量性などが優れる品種を選定することが極めて重要である。アスパラガスの品種・系統間差および処理間差の生産力検定などの実際の栽培試験における収量性の比較検討，すなわち収量形質の検討のためには，収穫調製後の収量調査が不可欠である。しかし，アスパラガスの収穫調製作業は労働力の半分を占めるとされ，大規模な試験圃場や生産現場における栽培試験の実施が難しい。そこで，栽培試験における収量調査の負担の軽減を目的として，元木らは，収穫終了時に収穫茎すべての茎径を計測することにより，当年の収量形質を推定する手法を検討し，蓄積されたデータから「収量優劣推定プログラム」を作成した。その「収量優劣推定プログラム」を用いて栽培試験の収量形質を推定し，実際の収量調査で得た収量形質の実測値と比較したところ，収量および株当本数に高い正の相関が認められた。このことから，「収量優劣推定プログラム」によって品種・系統間差および処理間差の優劣の推定が可能であり，栽培試験における収量調査の負担を軽減できることが明らかになった。採りっきり栽培の現地実証試験においても，「収量優劣推定プログラム」を利用することができれば，収量調査が省力化および簡易化し，採りっきり栽培の普及拡大に繋がると期待される。ただし，前述の「収量優劣推定プログラム」は，アスパラガスの長期どり栽培において使用することを想定し，長期どり栽培の収量データをもとに作成されたものであり，採りっきり栽培用の規格を定める必要がある。そこで，アスパラガスの新栽培法である採りっきり栽培の普及のため，栽培の現地実証試験における収量調査の負担軽減を目指し，採りっきり栽培版の「収量優劣推定プログラム」を作成した。さらに，作成した「収量優劣推定プログラム」の有用性を検討した。

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DOI： 10.1007/s10681-018-2233-0

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<p>An experiment involving the open field culture of asparagus was conducted. Asparagus was planted using the planting implement, and spears of first-year stocks that had sprouted in the spring following planting were all harvested until the stocks completed spear emergence, and this cultivation method was termed: "Whole harvest cultivation method for one-year-old plants". The new cultivation method, in which plug seedlings of asparagus are planted deeply using a new hole-maker, overcame obstacles faced by the permanent conventional method in early spring, including damage caused by frost and low temperatures. To examine the appropriate planting time for the Whole harvest cultivation method for one-year-old plants, two varieties of asparagus: a purple asparagus, 'Manmi-murasaki', and a green asparagus, 'Taiho-wase', were planted at different times, and their growth and yields were compared. The early planting of both varieties using the new hole-maker produced large stocks. The earlier the time of planting, the greater the yield of thick spears (L or larger size), total yield, and marketable yield. Furthermore, the yield in April—the best season for asparagus and a lean season for other vegetables, was larger, and the yield in the first year was equal to or larger than the mean annual yield per unit of land in open field culture. The Whole harvest cultivation method for one-year-old plants is a new labor-saving, low-cost, and profitable cultivation method that can produce a large yield of high-quality asparagus.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.17.345

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DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1223.23

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DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1223.35

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<p>In response to an increasing demand for small-sized vegetables, which are not wasted even by small families, the present study was conducted to determine the position of small-sized, or mini, carrots among all types, and discuss the forms of the sales of mini carrots and price settings, with the aim of promoting their production and sales. A questionnaire survey was conducted at farm stands and event sites of university to examine consumers' awareness of mini and other carrots. The results suggested that the respondents were attracted to the mini carrot because they: "do not need to be peeled for cooking", "can be eaten raw as an ingredient of salad", and "are sweet and juicy", and that it may be developed into a product suitable for salad or to be eaten raw. Regarding the forms of the sales of mini carrots, many of the respondents preferred product packages including orange carrots and a smaller number of yellow ones. The optimal price of the product sample including six orange carrots and two yellow ones was estimated to be 142 to 150 yen according to the buy-response curve. Since the period of time required to cultivate the mini carrot is shorter than the periods required for standard types of carrots, including the one called "Gosun Carrot", its yield is expected to increase. Therefore, it is a promising agricultural product to be grown in the suburbs of large cities.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.16.487

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

<p>Beet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.), belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, contains a large amount of betalain, a markedly antioxidant pigment. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the betalain content in different varieties in Japan. Beet is usually harvested when the diameter of the taproot (edible root) has reached approximately five to six centimeters. However, few standards for its shipment to market have been established, and only limited information on the appropriate period to harvest beet crops containing the highest betalain content is available. The present study, involving four varieties of beet: 'Detroit Dark Red', 'Saffron Yellow', 'Gorgo', and 'Rivolta', with taproots of different colors, was conducted to examine differences in the betalain content among the varieties, and changes in the betalain content in red beet ('Detroit Dark Red') at six different growth stages. 'Detroit Dark Red', a type of red beet, contained the highest betalain content. The betalain content on a fresh weight basis in 'Detroit Dark Red' was the highest when the diameter of the taproots had reached approximately five to six centimeters, indicating that betalain intake from 'Detroit Dark Red' harvested around this period would be optimal.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.16.301

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<p>Sweet corn is one of the perishable vegetables that demonstrate rapid postharvest quality losses. Shriveling causes kernel denting that generates interstices between kernels on a corncob, raising particular concerns regarding its production and distribution. Harvested fresh ears of sweet corn can be prepared as husked or less-processed products without removing the shank or stalk. In the present study, we investigated the storage behavior of three varieties of sweet corn ears stored in different forms, with their husk leaves and other external parts being removed to different extents. Samples were stored at 10°C and 70–80% humidity, and evaluated in terms of changes in the score of shriveling, percentage weight loss, moisture content by part, and sugar content during 14 days after harvest. In all varieties examined, samples stored in the form of husked cobs ("husked cobs") had a significantly higher score of shriveling from postharvest day 3 compared with those stored in other forms, indicating that shriveling occurs more rapidly in husked cobs. "Husked cobs" of the 'Gold Rush' and 'Mirai 390' varieties showed a significantly greater (or a trend toward a greater) percentage weight loss and a significantly lower moisture content of kernels from postharvest days 3 and 7, respectively, compared with their counterparts stored in a conventional form. Shriveling occurred in "husked cobs" within three days after harvest, irrespective of the sowing time and variety of the plant, although the weight loss and moisture content of kernels, factors that may contribute to shriveling, varied depending on the sowing time and variety. Therefore, further investigations are needed to examine longitudinal changes in the firmness, respiration rate, and carbohydrate content of kernels using more varieties to identify potential factors that influence shriveling.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.16.185

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<p>There has been an increasing demand for small-sized (cherry) tomatoes because they contain lycopene and other functional constituents, last for a long period of time, and are delicious to eat. However, since conventional cherry tomato cultivation methods involve guiding the vines upward and downward and other tasks that are labor-intensive, it is necessary to develop new cultivation techniques to save the energy required for cultivation management and reduce the labor required. In 2010, the authors developed a new method for open-field cherry tomato cultivation, in which the seedlings are planted more sparsely compared with conventional cultivation methods and most lateral shoots are left as they are. Although the new cultivation method, which is referred to as the sauvage method, is becoming popular across Japan, no studies have been conducted to compare the yield, quality, and growth rate of tomatoes between the sauvage and conventional cultivation methods. The present study aimed to establish the sauvage cultivation system as a new open-field cultivation method for summer-autumn-harvest cherry tomatoes. Two cherry tomato varieties with different characteristics were raised for two years using the sauvage and conventional cultivation methods, and the results were compared. The total yield and vendible crop yield per stock produced from the sauvage cultivation were larger, compared with conventional cultivation methods. In addition, the yield per area produced from the sauvage cultivation was expected to be equivalent to that from conventional cultivation methods, although the number of stocks per area was approximately one sixth. Furthermore, the sauvage cultivation method prevented the fruit from being sun-damaged. The sugar content of cherry tomatoes produced with sauvage cultivation was the same or lower, and the lycopene content was the same or higher, compared with conventional cultivation methods.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.16.137

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Farm Work Research  

The new cultivation method, which is referred to as the non-training culture with net (popular name: sauvage) method for the open-field cultivation of summer-autumn-harvest cherry tomato, is becoming popular across Japan, no studies have been conducted to compare the workability between the sauvage and traditional cultivation methods. The present study compared sauvage and traditional cultivation methods, focusing on the time required to perform each task, postures assumed to perform them, and yields, to establish the sauvage cultivation system. In sauvage cultivation, the time required to perform each task (training and chemical spraying in particular) was significantly shorter than in traditional cultivation methods, except for the time for harvest. However, the time required for the harvesting of cherry tomatoes in sauvage cultivation method accounted for 90% of the total time for all cultivation processes and the percentage was drastically higher than that of traditional cultivation methods. The yield per unit area in sauvage cultivation, in which the planting density was lower, was similar to or larger than the yield in traditional cultivation methods, and the growers were able to ship their crops in August to September when the plants would have been exposed to high temperatures and solar radiation level. Sauvage cultivation can be expected, as a new method for the open-field cultivation of summer-autumn-harvest cherry tomatoes to promote labor-saving in relation to their cultivation management. To reduce the time required to perform each task, improving harvest procedures accounted for majority of total time for all cultivation processes was considered to be necessary.

DOI： 10.4035/jsfwr.52.15

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<p>There has been an increasing demand for "small-sized (mini) vegetables" in recent years because "they prevent even small families from wasting food", and the present study focused on small-sized carrots. Although the demand for small-sized carrots is expected to increase further, it is difficult to distinguish them from processing carrots and "thinned-out carrots", which are produced by harvesting gosun (six-inch) carrots earlier than the appropriate harvest period. In the present study, a survey was conducted to compare the forms and quality of small-sized and gosun carrots in their appropriate harvest periods and examine the characteristics of small-sized carrots; thinned-out carrots were distinguished from small-sized ones. A survey of their forms and yields was also conducted to determine the optimal planting densities. The lower the planting density of thinned-out carrots, the larger the size of the underground parts. On the other hand, the underground parts of small-sized carrots were not influenced by the planting density. Whereas the form of the roots of thinned-out carrots was conical, the roots of small-sized carrots were cylindrical, and the diameters of the roots were the same. The roots of small-sized carrots were softer than those of thinned-out ones. There was a significant correlation between the hardness and diameter of the roots of small-sized carrots, which suggests that the hardness of small-sized carrots is homogeneous and they can be consumed raw. In a comparison of carrots planted a intervals of 10 and 20 cm, there were no significant differences in the total yield, yield of high-quality products, or high-quality-product rate. However, the mean weight of the underground parts of carrots planted at intervals of 10 cm was lower than that of carrots planted at intervals of 20 cm, and within the shipment specification for small-sized carrots (20 to 30 g), which suggests that high-density cultivation is effective for small-sized carrots.</p>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.16.61

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：長野県野菜花き試験場  

1. 「シュウレイ」は，長野県中信農業試験場(農林水産省大豆育種指定試験地)において，ダイズモザイクウイルス抵抗性を有する大粒の多収性品種の育成を目標として，「東山181号」を種子親，「東山系T613」(後の「東山188号」を花粉親とした人工交配から育成した品種である。「だいず農林141号」として農林登録され，「シュウレイ」の名称で品種登録された。2. 胚軸にアントシアニンの着色があり，花は紫色，毛茸色は白色，小葉は槍型で，主茎長と分枝数は"中"の有限伸育型品種である。成熟期は"中"で，生態型は中間型である。裂莢の難易は"やや易"である。ダイズモザイクウイルス(SMV)のA，B，CおよびD病原系統に抵抗性である。ダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性は"弱"である。粒形は"偏球"である。収量は「エンレイ」並みからやや多収である。粒大は"大"で「エンレイ」より大きいため大粒規格を確保しやすく，しわ粒(ちりめんじわ)の発生が少ないため，粒の外観品質は「エンレイ」より優れる。子実中の蛋白質含有率は「エンレイ」並みからやや低い"高"に分類される。豆腐は「エンレイ」とほぼ同程度の硬さで，甘味，コク味がある。煮豆は「トヨムスメ」並みに優れる。3. 栽培適地は東北南部，関東北部，北陸および東山地域である。

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DOI： 10.1080/14620316.2017.1301787

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DOI： 10.2503/hortj.MI-115

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We have developed a new hole-maker to plant plug seedlings (grown in cell tray) directly in fields instead of larger pots. In the present study on the forcing cultivation of asparagus, a survey was conducted to examine increases in the efficiency of planting plug seedlings directly in fields using the above-mentioned hole-maker (new method), when compared to the efficiency of planting pot seedlings using a conventional hole-maker (conventional method), and assess the growth amount- an index of the yield. The time required for both inexperienced and experienced growers to plant asparagus using the new method was significantly shorter than that based on the conventional method. Postures during planting were also assessed using an OWAS method based on the frequency and rate of action categories (AC), and the level of improvement in the postures of experienced growers while planting asparagus using the new method was significantly higher compared to when the conventional method was adopted. While there was no increase in the frequency of AC when asparagus was planted by inexperienced growers, there was an increase in the number of AC. A shorter time was required to plant asparagus, which suggests that the burden of planting using the new method on inexperienced growers is less than that when the conventional method is used. Although the plug seedlings used for the new method were smaller than the pot seedlings used for the conventional method, there were no significant differences in the growth amount of root stock between the two methods in autumn. Therefore, the same asparagus yield can be obtained using the new method and conventional method.

DOI： 10.4035/jsfwr.51.11

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Cluster harvest of tomato leads to labor saving and provides high commercial value. Attaching of matured fruits to fruit stalks is important trait in cluster harvest and marketing. This trait is affected by the detachabilities of calyx and fruit stalk in tomatoes. Adhesive power was measured as an indicator of detachabilities of calyx and fruit stalk by using tension test. The detachabilities of calyx and fruit stalk were evaluated in fresh marketable tomatoes in the present examination, using newly developed and existing tools and small desktop test devices (EZ-SX). The study also examined the usability of the test devices. Five varieties of fresh marketable tomato that had just been harvested were used in the study, and their detachabilities of calyx and fruit stalk were assessed to examine differences in the adhesive power of the calyx and fruit stalk among the different varieties, as well as their relationships with the traits of tomatoes. There were differences in the adhesive power of the calyx and fruit stalk, diameters and areas of calyx marks, and fruit stalk among the different varieties. According to the results of this study, differences in the detachabilities of calyx and fruit stalk among the different varieties can be assessed using newly developed and existing tools and small desktop test devices. The usability of the test devices for the selection of varieties suited for harvesting in clusters and their cultivation has also been established.

DOI： 10.4035/jsfwr.50.71

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010891310

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DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1023.43

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国産大豆の用途は豆腐・煮豆・味噌・納豆などが主体であり，味噌加工適性においては糖含量，生大豆粉色調，蒸煮大豆の特性(硬さ・均一性・水分)，種皮比率，吸水率などが重視される。本研究では，種皮比率，生大豆粉色調，吸水率，蒸煮大豆硬度および全糖量から旧長野県中信農業試験場育成品種および地方名系統の味噌加工適性を評価するとともに，この手法で選抜した味噌用高加工適性大豆の品種・系統について味噌醸造試験を実施し，味噌用大豆の品種育成の方向性を検討した。Y%(明度)とy-x(黄色の純度であるy値と赤色の純度であるX値の差)，全糖量，吸水率，種皮比率との関係は，それぞれr=0.695**，-0.403*，-0.738**および0.351*(*5%危険率で有意，**1%危険率で有意)で相関が認められた。また，吸水率とy-x，蒸煮硬度との関係，全糖量と種皮比率との関係は，それぞれr=-0.541**，-0.416*および-0.445**で相関が認められた。Y%の高い系統の選抜は，全糖量，吸水率，種皮比率が劣る系統を選抜する結果となるため，生大豆粉色調から味噌加工用系統の選抜を行う場合には，ある程度幅を持たせた選抜が必要である。味噌加工適性の評価項目と子実重，百粒重の収量性との関係は，蒸煮大豆硬度と百粒重および全糖量と子実重との間に負の関係が成り立つ(それぞれr=-0.478**および-0.372*)以外には相関関係が認められず，味噌加工適性と収量性とは独立して選抜できることが示唆された。

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味噌加工適性においては糖含量，生大豆粉色調，蒸煮大豆の特性(硬さ・均一性・水分)，種皮比率，吸水率などが重視される。本研究では，味噌加工適性の高い品種・系統の検索および選抜を目的に，生大豆粉色調，吸水率および種皮比率の品種間差異について検討した。生大豆粉色調はY%(明度)とy-x(黄色の純度であるy値と赤色の純度であるX値の差)が高い品種・系統が良いとされ，'坂上2号'，'松福'，'トヨシロメ'，'東山172号(つぶほまれ)'などが総合的に優れた品種・系統と判定された。吸水率は2.2倍以上が良いとされ，吸水率の高かった品種・系統は'東山174号'，'白山ダダチャ'，'中生ダダチャ'，'東山180号'，'アキシロメ'，'東北122号'，'東山173号'などで，当場育成の地方名以降の品種・系統ではいずれも問題無く，外観品質とともに吸水率の選抜目標は達成されていると考えられた。種皮比率は低い品種・系統が良いとされ，種皮比率が低かった品種・系統は'刈系543号'，'東山172号(つぶほまれ)'，'さやなみ(東山158号)'，'ミヤギシロメ'，'小倉大豆'などであり，当場育成の地方名以降の品種・系統には種皮比率の低いものが多くあった。また，種皮比率は年次や播種期による変動が少なく，子実重や百粒重の影響はあまり受けないと考えられた。今後，本研究から得られた特徴ある品種・系統を用い，味噌醸造試験を並行して行いながら，味噌用高加工適性大豆の育成を進めていく必要がある。

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アスパラガス新品種'ずっとデルチェ'は，'メリーワシントン500W'由来の選抜雌株と，全雄系品種'ガインリム'由来の選抜雄株を交配した一代交配種である。'ずっとデルチェ'は春どりの収量性に優れ，'ウェルカム'に比べて多収であるが，年間の総収量は無灌水栽培で同等ある。しかし，灌水することにより多収となった。収穫物は，2L級およびL級規格の比率が高い。高温期の若茎頭部の締まりは'メリーワシントン500W'とほぼ同等で，長期どり栽培に対応できる。斑点病の発生は，'ウェルカム'に比べて少ない。

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種皮比率の低い品種は味噌加工上重要であるとされる。種皮比率を味噌用高加工適性品種の育成に利用する目的で，迅速で効率的な種皮比率測定法について検討した。その結果，本研究で開発した電子レンジ法は，種皮比率が従来法と近似した数値を示すとともに，短時間で多くの点数を扱えることから，味噌加工適性の高い品種・系統の検索や選抜に適すると考える。

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DOI： 10.1080/01448765.2013.796570

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DOI： 10.1271/bbb.120143

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DOI： 10.21273/HORTSCI.47.5.599

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Although monitoring of the growth conditions in terms of the Brix value (soluble solid content), in storage roots of asparagus is important to manage cultivation, there is no standard measurement protocol. In the current study, to elucidate the distribution and fluctuation of Brix values, the lengths from the bulbil base of the storage roots of 1-year-old asparagus plants were measured for 6 months. The results indicated that the Brix values in the samples, at a distance of 10 cm from the bulbil base of 30-cm-long storage roots approximately reflected the mean value of the storage roots. Moreover, a method of softening the storage root samples by the freeze-thaw process was tested to simplify the process of collecting squeezed juice samples. The Brix values of storage roots of asparagus plants observed in this study were little affected by the freeze-thaw process. Hence, we propose a protocol to measure the Brix value of the storage root of 1-year-old asparagus at a distance of 10 cm from the bulbil base of 30-cm-long storage roots after freezing and thawing.

DOI： 10.3117/rootres.21.11

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A new soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar, 'Akimaro', was developed at the NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center in 2011. To develop a cultivar with high pod shattering resistance and a suitable plant shape for harvesting by combine harvester, we selected plants from a cross between 'Tosankei T683' and 'Tosankei T762'. The date of maturation of 'Akimaro' is almost the same as that of 'Fukuyutaka' at Zentsuji City, Kagawa Prefecture (34°13' 37" N, 133°46' 39" E), placing it in maturity group V. 'Akimaro' has purple flowers, gray pubescence, rounded ovate leaflets, and brown pods at maturity. Growth is determinate. 'Akimaro' plants are medium height, and the lowest stem node with pods is high. In late-sowing cultivation, yields of 'Akimaro' are higher than those of 'Fukuyutaka'. It is resistant to soybean mosaic virus strains A, B, and A_2. The seeds are large with a yellow seed coat and a yellow hilum. 'Akimaro' is suitable for miso (soybean paste) production. It is highly compatible with the climate and soil of Chugoku and Shikoku districts.

DOI： 10.24514/00001726

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1578/00001726/

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：養賢堂  

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DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.950.12

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川上暢喜・元木 悟・小澤智美・重盛 勲・袖山栄次

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DOI： 10.1626/jcs.81.77

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010830051

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

This study investigated the effects of storage temperature and gibberellin pretreatment on the germination rate of <i>Swertia</i> <i>japonica</i> seed. When the seeds were stored at less than 5&deg;C, the same germination rate and germination period as those of fresh seeds could be maintained for more than half a year. The germination percentage was not improved when the seeds were soaked in 200 ppm gibberellin for 24 hours prior to seeding. However, soaking in 600 ppm gibberellin for 24 hours inhibited germination. In conclusion, the quality of <i>Swertia japonica</i> seeds could be maintained significantly longer by refrigerating or freezing rather than storage at room temperature. However, we could not clarify the effect of GA on germination of the seeds.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.10.321

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Purple asparagus is becoming popular among consumers in Japan because of its unique appearance, thickness, sweetness, tenderness of the spears, and quality of vitamins and minerals. The growing area for purple varieties such as &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo; is spreading, particularly in cool regions of Japan. However, lower yields compared to those of major green varieties have been regarded as a serious problem. Therefore, some growers hesitate to cultivate the purple varieties. In order to improve the yield of &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo;, we investigated the effect of high density planting on mother fern cultivation between 1999 and 2005. The yield of plots with a normal planting of &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo; was lower than that of &lsquo;UC157&rsquo; which is a green asparagus variety cultured in Japan. However, the yield of &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo; in the plot with dense planting showed yields as high as those with normal planting of &lsquo;UC157&rsquo;. The spear weight of &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo; in all treatments was larger than that of &lsquo;UC157&rsquo;, although the number of harvested spears of &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo; per unit area was decreased compared to that from a normal planting of &lsquo;UC157&rsquo;. This advantage might contribute to labor-saving. These findings suggest that &lsquo;Purple Passion&rsquo; can achieve a sufficient yield when cultivated by dense planting. The aptitude for dense planting and its unique properties are key factors in achieving stable cultivation and promoting the consumption of purple varieties in Japan.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.10.81

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DOI： 10.2503/jjshs1.80.76

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This study was carried out to clarify the effect of long-term frozen storage of Swertia japonica seeds on germination, yield and swertiamarin content of the seedlings. The seeds were successively collected in the conventional way from the year 1992 to 2003, and stored at -20℃ until the experiment was begun. The germination percentage differed among the seeds that were collected in different years, but there were no significant correlation between the percentage and the storage period. In addition, correlation between plant dry weight and seed storage period was not observed. Moreover, the seed storage period had no effect on swertiamarin content of the seedlings. Therefore, the seed viability of S. japonica can be maintained for at least 13 years by freezing without affecting dry matter yield or quality as a crude drug.

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Other Link： http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/10758471

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DOI： 10.2503/jjshs1.79.161

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This experiment was intended to examine the effects of a black liquid-coating mulch on the growth and yield of Komatsuna greens. Four treatments (1, 0.5, 0.25 L·m^&minus;2) of spray amount were tested in combination with seeding date (Sep. 21^st, Oct. 5^th, Oct. 20^th in an open field and the Jan. 22^nd in a plastic film house). As a result, we found this liquid-coating mulch increased yields of Komatsuna greens, unrelated to the spray amount. Generally, the daily highest soil temperature (&minus;5 cm) under the mulching exceeded the control in every treatment however the daily lowest temperature were less than control except in the case of seeding at Sep. 21^st. These phenomena were remarkable in the early stage of growing and the differences in temperature between the control and mulch treatments were reduced during the growth. There was no significant difference in the hourly-integrated temperature during the first 10 days between the 4 treatments on same seeding date. These findings suggest that the expansion of the daily soil temperature range contributed the increased yields of Komatsuna greens.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.8.303

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010780265

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：長野県野菜花き試験場  

本州寒冷地の露地長期どり栽培において，従来の2～3倍の栽植密度で栽培する密植栽培の可能年限を，1992～2005年の14年間(第1回)および1999～2005年の7年間(第2回)検討した。その結果，密植栽培は株間の競合が慣行栽培に比べて早く現れ，株当たりの収量が減少し，1茎重が小さくなるものの，面積当たりの収量は若年株のみならず，成園になっても慣行栽培に比べて多く，1茎重は3年株以降，L級規格の15g以上で推移した。そのため，改植の作業性の労力などを考慮すれば密植栽培の導入効果は大きいと考えられた。密植の効果は10年程度続き，10年株までの総収量は慣行栽培に比べて多いことが確認できた。

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Transport and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid in young stems of Asparagus were investigated using [2-^<14>C] IAA. Transport and metabolism were measured using the young stems of Asparagus with the 25cm in full length of the large class standard of Nagano. Stems were removed tip parts (3cm) and bottom parts (1cm). After treated with [2-^<14>C] IAA for 24 hour, total amount of radioactivity (dpm) of each stems (tip, middle and bottom) and receptor ager were 74,800, 44,200, 6,310 and 1,100 respectively. In IAA metabolism, in top section, the peak which corresponded to retention time of IAA (IAA correspond peak) wasn't detected, but a lot of peaks which were assumed as the metabolites of IAA (Metabolite peaks) were detected within 15 minutes. Also, in middle and bottom section, IAA correspond peak was detected, but the metabolite peak was a little detected. Therefore, it was suggested that the metabolic pathway of IAA depended on the part.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/13072

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：長野県野菜花き試験場  

アスパラガス新品種'どっとデルチェ'は，'ポールトム'由来の選抜雌系と、全雄系品種'ガインリム'由来の選抜雄系を交配した一代交配種である。本品種は，特に春どりの収量性に優れ，'ウエルカム'より多収である。収穫物は，2L及びL級規格の比率が高い。斑点病の発生は、'ウエルカム'に比べて少ない。

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寒冷地(長野県)にカラーピーマンが本格的に導入されて2008年で10年目になる。長野県の冷涼な気候条件を活かしたカラーピーマンの夏秋どり作型を開発するため，1999～2006年にかけて13種苗会社56品種・系統のカラーピーマンを導入し，その特性を調べた。供試した56品種・系統のなかから，ほかの品種に比べて高糖度であるカラーピーマン(品種名'ガブリエル')が認められ，収量，品質および作業性から判断して，良食味の優位性と利便性をアピールできれば業務加工(サラダ)用の新品目として現地への新規導入が可能であると考えられた。また，カラーピーマン栽培の最近の動向として，未熟用ピーマンを完熟させて出荷させる形態もあることから，ベル果完熟型のカラーピーマンと未熟用ピーマンの完熟型の2種類について，収穫期の違いによる収量，品質および生育を調べた。完熟果で収穫した場合，未熟果で収穫したものと比べて収量は半減したが，平均果重は増加し，アスコルビン酸含量およびBrix値が向上した。カラーピーマンの収穫時期は，着色が90%程度の果実を収穫すれば，ほとんどの品種では流通過程の2～3日中に果実全体に色が回り，完熟した果実を店頭に並べることができると考えられた。植物体の凍結が予想される程度の低温となる晩秋に，果実を一斉収穫する場合，収穫した果実を完熟させるには，催色期以降の果実を収穫する必要があると考えられた。

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本州寒冷地のアスパラガスの長期どり栽培において，株養成の違いが翌年以降の収量，品質および生育に及ぼす影響を検討するため，春どりの収穫打ち切り後に，露地栽培およびハウス半促成長期どり栽培の立茎本数を何種類かに制限し，親茎の株養成量を変えて長期どり栽培(立茎収穫)した。そして翌年以降は，毎年同じ親茎の太さおよび同じ立茎本数に揃えて均一栽培し，収量，品質および生育の経年変化を調べた。また，自然災害後の株養成が翌年以降のアスパラガスの収量および生育に及ぼす影響を検討した。その結果，多年生作物であるアスパラガスは，株養成の影響はしばらく続き，株養成(立茎)に失敗すると，収量や品質を回復させるのに少なくとも2～3年程度はかかることが明らかになった。

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：農林水産省（Web版）  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.02.021

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：長野県中信農業試験場  

1．「すずろまん」は、長野県中信農業試験場（農林水産省大豆育種指定試験地）において、納豆用の小粒良質で多収性品種育成を目標として、「納豆小粒」を種子親、「東山系U455」を花粉親とした人工交配から育成した品種である。「すずろまん」と命名され、品種登録出願が公表された。2．胚軸にアントシアニンの着色があり、花色は紫、毛茸色は白、小葉の形は鋭先卵形で、主茎長は"やや長"、主茎節数と分枝数は"多"の有限伸育型品種である。成熟期は"中"で、生態型は中間型である。ダイズウイルス病圃場抵抗性は"強"、ダイズモザイクウイルス病原系統A、B、CおよびDに抵抗性、Eに部分抵抗性である。ダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性は"弱"、紫斑病抵抗性は"強"である。粒形は"球"で、粒大は「すずこまち」よりやや小さく「納豆小粒」並みである。蛋白質含有率は"やや低"で「すずこまち」より低く、全糖含有率は同程度である。納豆加工適性は、「すずこまち」並みに優れる。3．栽培適地は、北陸および関東東山の各地域である。

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1．「タチホマレ」は、長野県中信農業試験場（農林水産省大豆育種指定試験地）において、ダイズモザイク病抵抗性で倒伏の少ない、高蛋白質で大粒良質な多収品種を目的として、「東山149号」（アヤヒカリ）を種子親、長交1-28（「オオツル」／「タチナガハ」）を花粉親とした人工交配から育成した品種である。「だいず農林134号」として登録され、命名された。2．胚軸にアントシアニンの着色があり、花は紫色、毛茸は白色、小葉は槍形で、主茎長は"やや短"、分枝数は"中"の有限伸育型品種である。成熟期は"やや晩"で、生態型は中間型である。「タチナガハ」並みに倒伏に強く、多収である。ダイズモザイクウイルス（SMV）のA、B、CおよびD病原系統に抵抗性、E病原系統に部分抵抗性である。ダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性は"弱"である。粒形は"扁球"で、粒大は"大"で「タチナガハ」よりやや小さい。子実中の蛋白質含有量は"中"で「タチナガハ」よりやや高い。「タチナガハ」より硬い豆腐が製造でき、味噌にも適する。3．栽培適地は、関東および東山地域である。

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1．「つやほまれ」は、長野県中信農業試験場（農林水産省大豆育種指定試験地）において、ダイズモザイク病およびダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性の大粒良質で多収な品種を目的として、「東山144号」（オオツル）を種子親、「東山154号」を花粉親とした人工交配から育成した品種である。「だいず農林129号」として農林登録され、「つやほまれ」の名称で品種登録された。2．胚軸にアントシアニンの着色があり、花は紫色、毛茸は白色、小葉は鋭先卵形で、主茎長は"やや極長"、分枝数は"多"の有限伸育型品種である。成熟期は"晩の早"で、生態型は中間型である。裂莢の難易は"難"である。ダイズモザイクウイルス（SMV）のA、B、CおよびD病原系統に抵抗性、E病原系統にはネクロシス症状を発生する部分抵抗性である。ダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性は"弱"である。粒形は"扁球"で、粒大は"大"で多収である。子実中の蛋白質含有量は"中"で「フクユタカ」よりやや低く、「タマホマレ」よりやや高い。豆腐は「フクユタカ」より軟らかいが、食味は良好である。3．栽培適地は、東海地域および東山地域の低暖地帯である。

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In this study, the polyphenol contents of spears in 'Welcome' asparagus harvested at different season (22 May and 21 Aug, 2002) were determined, which showed the relationship between concentration of polyphenol and measurement part of spears. The polyphenol contents in spears of asparagus harvested on spring (830 μg・plant-1) were higher than spears on summer (650 μg・plant-1). The concentrations of polyphenol in tip (I), tip (II), middle and base part of spears harvested on spring were 118, 49, 57 and 33 μg・g-1 FW, respective. On the other hand, the concentrations of polyphenol in tip (I), tip (II), middle and base part of spears harvested on summer were 62, 42, 29 and 18 μg・g-1 FW, respective. In both season, the concentration of polyphenol in tip (I) of spears was the highest of four parts. These results showed that the polyphenol in asparagus spears harvested on spring was higher than spears harvested from summer to fall, suggesting that the activity of antioxidant in spears harvested on spring was higher than spears harvested from summer to fall.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/6420

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society for Crop Science and Plant Breeding of Hokuriku  

The growth-inhibitory activity associated with allelopathy from bean was studied using the "Plant Box Method" and "Sandwich Method" in bioassays. By these methods, we confirmed that bean produced allelochemical substances from their roots. These methods also enabled to evaluate the effect of flowable activated carbon (activated carbon F) as one of the materials onto which the allelochemical substances were absorbed at a laboratory level.

DOI： 10.19016/hokurikucs.43.0_117

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DOI： 10.17660/actahortic.2008.776.11

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DOI： 10.17660/actahortic.2008.776.47

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DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.776.28

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

We mixed the activated carbon, which effectively adsorbs the allelochemicals of asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L.), into the substrate during the seedling stage, and investigated its effects on the growth of asparagus. As a result, the mixture of the activated carbon with the substrate led to the production of asparagus seedlings with a high quality while reducing allelopathy. We also investigated the effects of activated carbon mixed into the substrate on the growth of 30 species of eight different families, and found that the growth of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> Mill.), prairie gentian (<i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i> (Raf.) Shinn.), lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. Capitata Group.), cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.), cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. Capitata Group), broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. Italica Group) and asparagus was increased by mixing the substrate with activated carbon compared to growth in those species without activated carbon. The mixture of activated carbon into the substrate during the seedling stage would be useful for promoting the growth of certain plants, in which allelochemical activity is reported to be high.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.6.603

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

&lsquo;Sweet Pepper Parental Line Nou-1&rsquo; was selected from a cross between a male sterile plant of &lsquo;Tokyo Piman&rsquo; and &lsquo;101(2&middot;4)-11-1-4&rsquo; (a seed parent line of &lsquo;Beruhomare&rsquo;). The cross shows genic male sterility, resistance to phytophthora blight and ToMV. It is suggested that genic male sterility is controlled by a recessive gene, and the resistance to phytophthora blight is controlled by a few incompletely dominant genes. Since genic male sterility is able to improve in F₁ seed production systems, &lsquo;Sweet Pepper Parental Line Nou-1&rsquo; is expected to be used as a seed parent for F₁ cultivers of sweet peppers.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.6.177

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DOI： 10.2525/ecb.45.33

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DOI： 10.19016/hokurikucs.42.0_58

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Replanting of asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L.) often results in lower yields and extensive damage of young plants. One of the causes is considered allelopathy. In this study, we examined the participation of allelopathy on injury by continuous cropping of asparagus in alluvial soil. The presence of strong allelochemical substances, which have the growth-inhibitory activity, was detected by bioassay of rhizosphere soil around asparagus. This growth-inhibitory activity was not attributed to salt accumulation, pH fluctuation, or inorganic nutrient imbalance in the rhizosphere soil. Asparagus foliage incorporated into the soil did not demonstrate a close relation to the growth inhibition or decreased yield of asparagus. However, strong growth-inhibitory activity was demonstrated in the storage roots of asparagus. It is assumed that an allelochemical is exuded from the storage roots and is one of the causes of unsuccessful continuous cropping of asparagus.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.5.431

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The growth-inhibitory activities of allelopathy in asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L.) was studied using the &lsquo;Plant Box Method&rsquo; of bioassay. By this methods we confirmed that asparagus produced allelochemical substances. Then we developed a modified plant box method to examine the relationship between the growth-inhibitory activity and the adsorption of materials to allelochemical substances from asparagus. As a result, a type of activated carbon has the ability to absorb the allelochemical substances and prevent the growth inhibition of lettuce, an assay plant. Furthermore, in a field replanted with asparagus, treatment with activated carbon increased the fresh weights of rhizomes and storage roots, as well as the number of storage roots, the growth amount, and the growth index (GI&rsquo;), when compared to those of asparagus grown on non-treated plots.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.5.437

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

We developed a new method of examining the effects of allelochemical substances exuded from the roots of asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L.) to rhizosphere soil. This rhizosphere soil bioassay method provided results similar to those from the conventional bioassay method in which asparagus germinates in the soil. The new method was more effective than the conventional bioassay method because the soil samples could be tested using a smaller volume. This method could also evaluate flowable activated carbon as one of the materials to absorb allelochemical substances at a laboratory level. An appropriate orientation of cultivation is expected to become possible using the rhizosphere soil assay method developed in this study to examine obstructions to continuous cropping that may be related to allelopathy.<br>

DOI： 10.2503/hrj.5.443

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強酸性電解水によるレタス細菌性病害の防除効果について検討した．1 ポット試験において強酸性電解水は，病原菌接種直後の処理でレタス腐敗病，斑点細胞病に対し，殺菌剤と同等の防除効果を示した．2 病原菌接種後の時間の経過とともに強酸性電解水による防除効果が低下した．3 強酸性電解水によるレタスの細胞性病害の防除は，感染前を中心にした予防的処理が有効であり，薬剤の補完的な散布剤として利用していくことが考えられる．

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長野県のアスパラガス(Asparagus officinalis L.)の栽培面積は1,930ha(1999年)で，毎年200ha程度が改植されている．アスパラガスでは改植した後に新植圃場に比べて減収したり，若年株から欠株が発生するなどの障害が多く見られ，その一因としてアレロパシーの関与が知られている．本研究では，活性炭フロアブル剤(以下，活性炭F)のアレロパシー軽減効果について検討した．指標植物としてレタス(Lactuca sativa L.)およびアスパラガスの1年株を用いて検定を行った結果，活性炭Fのアスパラガスに対するアレロパシー軽減効果および生育促進効果が認められた．さらに，活性炭Fの適応性試験を行った3カ所の現地のいずれでも，活性炭Fの25～100倍希釈液を処理すると，アスパラガス株の生育がおう盛になり，特に地下部重，貯蔵根数，株養成量，GI'(生産指数)について処理区が無処理区に優った．これらから，活性炭Fは圃場レベルでもアスパラガスのアレロパシー軽減効果が高いと推察された．

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アスパラガスの連作障害の要因の一つであると考えられるアレロパシーの関与について検討した．アスパラガスの根圏土壌は，アスパラガスや数種作物に対して強い生育阻害を示した．その生育阻害は，アスパラガスの地上部を土壌中にすき込んでも生育阻害や減収の大きな原因にはならなかったことから，アスパラガス自身の根から分泌されるアレロパシー物質によるものであると推察された．次に，プラントボックス法およびサンドイッチ法を用いてアレロパシーを評価し，根から分泌される物質に強いアレロパシー活性があることを明らかにした．また，アレロパシーによる生育阻害を防ぐ方法として吸着資材の利用を検討し，ある種の活性炭はアレロパシー物質を吸着し，検定植物であるレタスの生育阻害を回避できることを明らかにした．さらに，アスパラガスの根から根圏土壌中に放出される物質による作用を検定する根圏土壌アッセイ法を開発した．この方法により，実際の

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DOI： 10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1221

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1.「つぶほまれ」は、長野県中信農業試験場(農林水産省大豆育種指定試験地)において、ダイズモザイク病抵抗性で機械収穫適性が高く、大粒良質で多収な品種育成を目的として、「東山140号」を種子親、「東山135号(後の「タチナガハ」)」を花粉親とした人工交配から育成した品種である。「だいず農林126号」として登録され、命名された。2.胚軸色および花色は紫、毛茸色は白、小葉は円葉、主茎長は"長"、分枝数は"中"の有限伸育型品種である。成熟期は"晩の早"で、生態型は中間型である。最下着爽節位高が高く、やや多収である。ダイズモザイクウイルス(SMV)のA、B、CおよびD病原系統に抵抗性で、E病原系統には部分抵抗性である。ダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性は"弱"である。粒形は"楕円体"で、粒大は"極大の小"と「ギンレイ」より大きい。子実中の蛋白質含有量は"中"で「ギンレイ」よりやや高く、「ナカセンナリ」よりやや低い。煮豆加工適性が高く、豆腐の食味に優れるなど、加工用途が広い品種である。3.栽培適地は、東山および東海の各地域である。

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1.「らくゆたか」は長野県中信農業試験場(農林水産省そば等育種指定試験地)において、1994-2002年に、手取り収穫適性、多収性などを目標に育成された一代雑種である。2003年9月に「とまと農林交31号」として登録され、命名された。2.育種素材には「NDMO51」、「93PLF3」を選定し、交雑育種法により花粉親系統「PLS6-6-3-2-1」を育成し、種子親には当場育成の「しゅほう」(とまと農林交21号)の種子親系総「10-8-4-3-7」を用いた。これらの育成系統間のF1を有望と認め、各種適応性検定試験を実施し、手取り用実用品種として有望であると評価された。3.「らくゆたか」の特性の概要は次のとおりである。草姿は心止まり型で無支柱栽培に適し、開張度は175cm内外でやや大きい。枝分け作業が必要となる時期における草型は立性である。早晩性は中晩生種に属する。手取り収穫による収量は安定して多く、国内トップレベルである。果実は120g内外のやや偏平球で、堅い。ジョイントレス果柄を有し、へた離れが良く、手取り収穫適性が高い。果汁の品質は従来品種とほぼ同等で、ジュース加工適性が高い。萎凋病のレース1とレース2、半身萎凋病のレース1に対して複合抵抗性を有する。4.適応地域は中部高冷地で、茎葉が繁茂しやすい温暖地には不向きである。長野県は2003年度に普及に移した。5.栽培上の留意点は、開花最盛期頃の草姿がやや立性であるので、枝分け作業を早めに2回行い、過繁茂を防止し、着果と果実肥大を促進させることと、確実に着果させるための健苗育成、植え傷みの防止、着果ホルモン剤による着果促進を図ることである。

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1.「すずこまち」は、長野県中信農業試験場(農林水産省大豆育種指定試験地)において、ダイズモザイク病抵抗性で機械収穫適性の高い、良質・多収な納豆用小粒品種育成を目的として、「納豆小粒」を種子親、「タチユタカ」を花粉親とした人工交配から育成した品種である。「だいず農林119号」として登録され、命名された。2.胚軸色および花色は紫、毛茸色は白、小葉は円葉で、主茎長は"長"、分枝数は"中"の有限伸育型品種である。成熟期は"中"で、生態型は中間型である。「納豆小粒」に比べ倒伏に強く、やや多収である。ダイズモザイクウイルス(SMV)のA、B、CおよびD病原系統に抵抗性である。ただし、B病原系統にはまれに局部壊死を発生する。ダイズシストセンチュウ抵抗性は"弱"である。粒形は"扁球"で、粒大は「納豆小粒」よりやや大きい。子実中の蛋白質含有量は"中"で「納豆小粒」よりやや低い。納豆の食味は「納豆小粒」並に優れる。3.栽培適地は、関東および東山の各地域である。

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レタスの収穫予測についてノンパラメトリックDVR法を用いて検討した．1.ノンパラメトリックDVR法による予測は有効積算温度法より精度が高かった．2.春作(上昇気温期)及び夏秋作(下降気温期)において，各品質ごとに異なるDVRが認められ，同一品種でも作期により異なる値を示した．3.作期移動試験データよりノンパラメトリックDVR法を用いて予測を行う場合には，3カ年程度のデータを基にすると予測精度が高まると考えられた．

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葉洋菜類における強電解水(強酸性電解水，強アルカリ性電解水)の効果について検討した．1 生育促進効果が見られる試験結果が得られたが，再現性が認められず，効果は判然としなかった．2 育苗試験において，試験結果に一定の傾向が認められず，判然としなかった．3 葉洋菜類の生育に好適な環境下では強電解水の効果は期待できないと考えられる．

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強酸性電解水によるレタス細菌性病害の防除効果について検討した．1 ポット試験において強酸性電解水は，病原菌接種直後の処理でレタス腐敗病，斑点細胞病に対し，殺菌剤と同等の防除効果を示した．2 病原菌接種後の時間の経過とともに強酸性電解水による防除効果が低下した．3 強酸性電解水によるレタスの細胞性病害の防除は，感染前を中心にした予防的処理が有効であり，薬剤の補完的な散布剤として利用していくことが考えられる．

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長野県におけるアスパラガスの作型は，露地栽培，ハウス半促成栽培，伏せ込み促成栽培が分化しており，伏せ込み促成栽培を除き，春だけ収穫する普通栽培，夏から秋の収穫を加えた2季どり栽培，春から秋まで連続して収穫する長期どり栽培が普及している．しかし，長期どり栽培は，立茎方法や収穫期間が従来の2季どり栽培とは異なるため，これに適応した立茎方法と，適正な立茎数を明確にする必要がある．そこで，本試験では，寒冷地のアスパラガスの露地長期どり栽培，ハウス半促成長期どり栽培において，立茎方法および立茎数が収量に及ぼす影響について検討した．1.長期どり栽培では，2季どり栽培より2～3週間早く春どりを打ち切り，2季どり栽培の株養成期間も連続して収穫を続けることで増収した．2.長期どり栽培の立茎方法には，一斉立茎，順次立茎があり，いずれの立茎方法でも収量に差がなかった．3.長期どり栽培の株養成量やGI'は，2季どり栽培より多く，翌春の春どりが増収した．4.長期どり栽培の適正な立茎数は，株当たり5～6本であった．

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DOI： 10.19016/hokurikucs.37.0_85

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DOI： 10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.589.4

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Resistance of soybean varieties to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Race 3 (kikyogahara-strain) was tested. Resistance varieties to the race were classified into two types, "Peking"-type and "Tosan 154"-type. These expressed little decrease of seed yield, weight of 100 seeds and seed protein content by SCN parasitization. But the former showed higher resistance in number of cysts than that of the latter. "Gedensirazu"-type resistant to the SCN race 3 was damaged in the same level as susceptible varieties.

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