Organization
Undergraduate School School of Political Science and Economics Professor
Title
Professor
External link
Degree
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修士 ( 上智大学 )
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Doctor Philosophiae (Ph.D.) ( College of Philosophy, S. J., Munich, Germany. )
Research Interests
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応用倫理学
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哲学
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科学技術社会論
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環境思想
Research Areas
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Humanities & social sciences / Sociology/history of science and technology
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Humanities & social sciences / Philosophy and ethics
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Environmental science/Agricultural science / Environmental policy and society
Education
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College of Philosophy, S. J., Munich, Germany. Graduate School, Division of Philosophy
1986.4 - 1994.7
Country/Region： Germany
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ミュンヘン大学 哲学部（留学）
1986.4 - 1992.3
Country/Region： Germany
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Sophia University Graduate School, Division of Philosophy
1984.4 - 1986.3
Country/Region： Japan
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Komazawa University Graduate School, Division of Humanities
1983.4 - 1984.3
Country/Region： Japan
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Komazawa University Faculty of Buddhism
1979.4 - 1983.3
Country/Region： Japan
Research History
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Researcher
2011.4 - 2012.8
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Meiji University Professor
2006.4
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Associate Professor (as old post name)
2004.4 - 2006.3
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Researcher
2002.5 - 2003.2
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Associate Professor (as old post name)
2000.4 - 2004.3
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Associate Professor (as old post name)
1999.7 - 2000.3
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山形大学大学院 教育学研究科 助教授 専任助教授
1998.4 - 2000.3
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Yamagata University Associate Professor (as old post name)
1996.4 - 2000.3
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Yamagata University Associate Professor (as old post name)
1994.4 - 1996.3
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（財）東方研究会・東方学院 研究員・ポスドク 専任研究員
1993.4 - 1994.3
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ミュンヘン大学 東アジア研究所日本学科 非常勤講師
1991.4 - 1993.3
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ミュンヘン哲学院 非常勤講師
1991.4 - 1991.9
Committee Memberships
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日本学術振興会 卓越研究員候補者選考委員会書面審査員
2017.8 - 2018.7
Committee type：Academic society
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日本学術振興会 特別研究員等審査会専門委員
2016.8 - 2018.7
Committee type：Academic society
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日本学術振興会 国際事業委員会書面審査委員・書面評価員
2016.8 - 2018.7
Committee type：Academic society
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日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業審査委員
2011.4 - 2012.3
Committee type：Academic society
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日本情報処理学会・人文科学とコンピュータ研究会 運営委員
2003.4 - 2005.3
Committee type：Academic society
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山形市コミュニティ放送 番組審議委員
1995.4 - 1996.3
Papers
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熊野の矢倉神社群について
柴﨑文一
明治大学教養論集 587 113 - 143 2026.3
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本質的関連性：後期ヘアー倫理学における道徳的論証の方法論について
柴﨑文一
明治大学『人文科学研究所紀要』 93 119 - 138 2026.3
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熊野の高倉神社群について
柴﨑 文一
明治大学教養論集 ( 585 ) 167 - 201 2025.12
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D.パーフィットの倫理学的議論に関する批判的考察: 統一理論・三重理論・対象主義 Reviewed
柴﨑文一
明治大学『人文科学研究所紀要』 91 185 - 211 2024.3
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Moral Normativity: The Preference Utilitarianism of R. M. Hare and the Internalism of B. Williams Reviewed
The Journal of Humanities, Meiji University 89 100 - 118 2022.3
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狂信主義と無道徳主義：R. M. ヘアー選好功利主義の批判的検討 Reviewed
柴﨑文一
明治大学人文科学研究所紀要 86 229 - 253 2020.3
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Muir's first trip to Alaska and the fusion of science and literary imagination: A reading of Muir's "The Trip of 1879" Reviewed
The Journal of Humanities, Meiji University 83 115 - 133 2018.3
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Schelling on Human Freedom and Evil Reviewed
The Journal of Humanities, Meiji University 78 ( 78 ) 109 - 129 2016.3
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Thoreau on "Natural History of Massachusetts" and "A Winter Walk"
The Bulletin of Arts and Sciences, Meiji University 498 ( 498 ) 83-98 - 98 2014.1
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The Bulletin of Arts and Sciences, Meiji University 495 ( 495 ) 39-55 - 55 2013.9
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Über die Relativen und die Geschichte in "Philosophie und Religion" von Schelling
The Bulletin of Arts and Sciences, Meiji University 486 ( 486 ) 35-47 - 47 2012.9
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F. W. J. Schelling on Two "Intuitions"
The bulletin of arts and sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 462 ( 462 ) 67-83 - 83 2011
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A study of early American thought on nature Reviewed
The Journal of Humanities, Meiji University 66 1-49 - 49[含 英語文要旨] 2010.3
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The bulletin of arts and sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 436 ( 436 ) 55-63 - 63 2008.9
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Inductive Characteristics of the Hypothetico-Deductive Method
The bulletin of arts and sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 434 ( 434 ) 1-6 - 6 2008.3
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Hare on the Concept of Morals in Ethics (1960)
The bulletin of arts and sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 427 ( 427 ) 57-68 - 68 2008.1
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The bulletin of arts and sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 416 ( 416 ) 1-19 - 19 2007.1
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"Brain Death" and the Death of Human Reviewed
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Journal of Political Science and Economics, Meiji University, Tokyo 75 ( 1/2 ) 137-163 - 163 2006.10
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Is the Sustainable Development Possible?
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University, Tokyo 35 ( 35 ) 17-25 - 178 2006.5
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Limits of Forest Commons Theory
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University, Tokyo ( 34 ) 1-21 - 216 2005.5
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Technology and ethics Reviewed
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Philosophy & Social Criticism 31 ( 4 ) 487 - 498 2005
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Prolegomena to Information Ethics
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University 33 1-15 2004.3
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Babel 3.7 and Typesetting Polutonikogreek in Japanese Texts with the pLaTeX2e
IPSJ SIG Notes (2003-CH-58), Information Processing Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan 25-32 2003.5
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Information and Ethics
Exploring the New Horizons of Science, 1999 Edition, ed. by K. Hirata, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan 144-147 2003.3
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A projection of a center for STS and Education
Science and Society, 2001 Edition, ed. by K. Hirata, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan 259-265 2002.11
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Prolegomena to Information Ethics
IPSJ SIG Notes (2001-CH-52), Information Processing Society of Japan 41-48 2001.10
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Humanities and Quantum Informatics
Collected Preprints for Conference on Quantum Informatics, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan 39-44 2001.3
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Typesetting Polutonikogreek in Japanese Texts with the pLaTeX2e and the Babel
IPSJ SIG Notes (2001-CH-49), Information Processing Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan 41-48 2001.1
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Fundamental Ethical Questions in the Highly Developed Information Society
Collected Preprints for Conference on Quantum Informatics, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan 63-70 2001.1
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A Concept of information ethics
Exploring the New Horizons of Science, 1999 Edition, ed. by K. Hirata, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan 148-151 2000.3
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Hare on Universality and Generality of Principles, and Universalizability of Judgements,
Bulletin of Yamagata University (Humanities), Japan 14 ( 3 ) 1-16 2000.2
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Hare on the Concept of Morals in The Language of Moral
Shibasaki Fumikazu
Bulletin of Yamagata University (Humanities), Japan 14 ( 2 ) 27-35 - 35 1999.1
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Risou, Chiba, Japan ( 661 ) 115-129 - 129 1998.7
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Hare on Supervenience and Universalizability
Bulletin of Yamagata University (Humanities), Japan 14 ( 1 ) 133-139 1998.1
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Hare on Value-Judgements and Imperatives
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, Soto Zen Buddhism, Tokyo, Japan ( 28 ) 1-19 1997.10
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Hare and Scanlon on Tow Levels of Moral Thinking
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University, Japan ( 26 ) 1-8 - 297 1997.5
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The Universalizability of Value-Judgements: A Critical Investigation of the Thesis of Universalizability by R. M. Hare
SHIBASAKI Fumikazu
Annals of Ethics, The Japanese Society for Ethics 46 173-185 - 185,*6 1997.3
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On the Requirement of Individuality-Ignoring According to the Thesis of Universalizability
Shibasaki Fumikazu
Bulletin of Yamagata University (Humanities), Japan 13 ( 4 ) 49-56 - 200 1997.1
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Hare on the Prescriptivity of Value-Judgments
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, No. 27, Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan ( 27 ) 1-21 1996.7
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Hare and Harsanyi on Act-Utilitarianism and Rule-Utilitarianism
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University, Japan ( 25 ) 39-49 - 346 1996.5
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Moralische Handlung und "Ich"-bezogene Emotion: Eine Bemerkung zum wesentlichen Charakterzug des Moments, das moralische Handlungen entstehen laesst
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Kontroversen in der Philosophie, Dbv-Verlag fuer die Technische Universitaet Graz Heft 8 57-64 1995.12
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Der Text "kyui" des Zeami: Eine Untersuchung der "Neun Stufen"
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Maske und Kothurn: 37. Jahrgang/1991 Heft1-4 247-276 1995.12
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Hare on Imperative and Imperative Inferences
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan ( 26 ) 19-44 1995.9
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Hare on Two Levels of Moral Thinking
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University, Japan ( 24 ) 380-396 - 380 1995.5
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Hare and Searle on the "Is-Ought" Problem
Shibasaki Fumikazu
Bulletin of Yamagata University (Humanities), Japan 13 ( 2 ) 169-187 - 187 1995.1
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Generality, Universality and Universalizability: A critique of the definition of "universalizability" by R.M.Hare
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan ( 25 ) 217-222 1994.9
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Eine Untersuchung zur Moralphilosophie R.M. Hares
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Hochschule fuer Philosophie Muenchen 1994.7
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Hare on Preference-Utilitarianism
Journal of Buddhist Economic Research, Komazawa University, Japan ( 23 ) 289-306 - 289 1994.5
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Ueber den Unterschied zwischen Dogen-Zen und Hongaku-homon
Fumikazu Shibasaki
The Eastern Institute, Inc., Tokyo, Japan ( 9 ) 228-242 1993.12
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Hares Diskussion des Abtreibungsproblems
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Kontroversen in der Philosophie, Dbv-Verlag fuer die Technische Universitaet Graz Heft 5 29-41 1993.11
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Hare on Placing Oneself in the Position of Others
Journal of the Department for Foreign Languages, Komazawa University, Japan 38 ( 38 ) 27-49 - 50 1993.9
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Dogens "Uji": Sein-Zeit
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan ( 22 ) 174-188 1991.10
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Eine Untersuchung des Dogen-Zen-Buddhismus mit Hilfe einer von Wittgenstein vorgezeichneten Denkmethode
Fumikazu Shibasaki
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan ( 20 ) 206-220 1988.12
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Journal of Philosophy, Philosophical Association of Sophia University, Japan ( 17 ) 35-49 - 49 1988.6
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Buddhism in Contemporary Germany II: "Catholic Zen"
Daihorin, Tokyo, Japan 172-177 1987.9
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Dogen on "Dotoku": "What We Can Speak About" and "What We Cannot Speak About"
Journal of Soto Shu Research Fellows, Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan ( 19 ) 125-133 1987.7
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Buddhism in Contemporary Germany I: A Case in Munich
Daihorin, Tokyo, Japan 66-71 1986.11
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On the Differences between Dogen-Zen and Hongaku-homon
Annual of Graduate Research in Buddhist Studies, Graduate School of Komazawa University, Japan ( 17 ) 71-78 1984.2
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Tekirei and Dogen
Study on Teto Tekirei, Tokyo, Japan ( 25 ) 138-145 1983.12
Books
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Learning logic of Induction and Science
（ Role： Sole author）
Design Egg Inc., Tokyo 2021.9
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Readings in Philosophy and Ethics, 3rd Ed.
（ Role： Sole author）
Design Egg Inc., Tokyo 2021.3
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『演繹法の論理ノート 第3版: サモン論理学準拠』
柴﨑文一（ Role： Sole author）
デザインエッグ社 2021.3
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『哲学・倫理学資料集』
（ Role： Sole author）
デザインエッグ社 2014.11
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Frontcountry and Backcountry: Origins of American Thoughts on Nature
（ Role： Sole author）
Meiji University Press 2014.10
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Learning logic of W. C. Salmon, Part 2
（ Role： Sole author）
DTP-Publishing Inc., Tokyo 2012.8
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『「哲学」ノート』
柴﨑文一
DTP出版 2010.3
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『サモンの「論理学」ノート II ―帰納的論証と言語哲学入門編―』
柴﨑文一（ Role： Sole author）
DTP出版 2009.3
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『サモンの「論理学」ノート I ―演繹的論証編―』
柴﨑文一（ Role： Sole author）
2008.9
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Science, Technology and Ethics, ed. by F. Shibasaki
（ Role： Joint author）
The Graduate University for Advanced Science 2006.4
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Science, Technology, and Society, ed. by F. Shibasaki
（ Role： Joint author）
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan 2005.3
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Science, Technology, and Coexistence of Society
（ Role： Joint author）
2004.12
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Social Literacy in Sciences, ed. by K. Hirata, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan
（ Role： Joint authorAdvanced Information Technology and Contemporary Society）
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan 2004.3
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Science and Society 2002, ed. by K. Hirata, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan
（ Role： Joint authorUltrahigh-speed Sequence of Human Genome and Bio-Information Ethics）
2004.2
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<I>Wandel zwischen den Welten</I>, hrsg. von H. Eisenhofer-Halim
柴﨑文一（ Role： Joint author）
Peter Lang 2003.12
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Exploring the New Horizons of Science, ed. by T. Yukawa and F. Shibasaki
（ Role： Supervisor (editorial)）
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan 2002.3
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Firewall and Network Security, ed. by editorial department of Gijutsu-Hyoron Publishing
（ Role： Joint author）
Gijutsu-Hyoron Publishing., Tokyo, Japan 2001.11
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Aristotle on Ethics
（ Role： Sole author）
2001.6
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<I>Formalismus und Fanatismus</I>
（ Role： Sole author）
Verlag Dr. Kovac, Hamburg, Germany 1994.12
MISC
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Is it really right to support weak persons?
Bookguide for Humanities 2016.3
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間違える可能性があるから、進歩や発見がある
柴﨑文一
( 58 ) 34 - 35 2013.4
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間違える可能性があるから、発見や進歩の可能性がある。
柴﨑文一
ユリイカ（明治大学ユリイカ掲載広告） 2013.2
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地球環境時代をどう生きるか : 仏教経済学の視点から
柴﨑文一
40 2011.5
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いま仏教に望まれるもの : 21世紀の仏教のあり方を考える
柴﨑文一
駒澤大学『仏教経済研究』 39 2010.5
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森の人 ソロー
柴﨑文一
『ようこそ！政治経済学部の知の世界へ２０１０』明治大学 155 - 175 2010.3
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社会を見る科学者、社会で活躍する科学者
柴﨑文一
20 - 25 2006.10
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MailScanner: A spam mail filtering system, sec. 2
Software Design, Japan ( 11 ) 74-77 2004.11
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MailScanner: A spam mail filtering system, sec. 1
Software Design, Japan ( 10 ) 82-90 2004.10
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Present conditions of the earthquake prediction system
Earthquake prediction and Society, Kokin Shoten, Tokyo, Japan 108, 117 2003.3
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FAX gateway server with mgetty+sendfax
Software Design, Japan 65-77 2002.4
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Setting up a fax gateway server
All about Linux, Tokyo, Japan 106-121 2002.2
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Active! Mail: Web-Mail Server with Imap
Software Design, Japan ( 4 ) 138-139 2001.4
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Setting Up Qmail
Software Design, Japan ( 4 ) 117-126 2001.4
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Logging and Detecting of Illegal Accessing by "Swatch"
Software Design, Japan ( 2 ) 46-54 2001.2
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Security for FTP/Web-Servers
All about Linux, Tokyo, Japan 81-91 2000.12
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Japanese Environment on the Non-X-Windows System
Linux & BSD Hyper Press, Tokyo, Japan 128-131 1999.12
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Security for Public Servers
Software Design, Japan ( 8 ) 123-131 1999.8
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Setting Up DNS on Linux
Software Design, Japan 112-124 1999.6
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Using UPS on Linux
Software Design, Japan 150-159 1999.4
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Setting Up BIND 8.1.2 on Linux
Software Design, Japan 81-91 1999.2
Research Projects
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照葉樹林・ナラ林・鎮守の森：日本的自然観の研究
2024.4
Authorship：Principal investigator
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本質的関連性：R. M. ヘアー後期倫理学における批判的思考の方法論について
2023.4 - 2024.3
Authorship：Principal investigator
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D. Parfit on Unified Theory, Triple Theory and Objectivism: A Critical Investigation
2021.4 - 2023.3
Authorship：Principal investigator
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道徳的行為の理由：主観と客観・内在と外在
2020.4 - 2023.3
基盤研究（C）
Authorship：Principal investigator
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道徳的規範性：R. M. ヘアーの選好功利主義とB. ウィリアムズの内在主義
2019.4 - 2021.3
Authorship：Principal investigator
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Hare on Formalism and Fanatic: A Critical Investigation of the Preference Utilitarianism
2018.4 - 2019.3
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
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ミューア『アラスカの旅』における科学と文学の融合に関する研究
2015.4 - 2018.3
基盤研究（Ｃ）
Authorship：Principal investigator
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John Muir on the Fusion of Science and Literature: A Study of "Travels in Alaska"
2015.4 - 2017.3
Authorship：Principal investigator
-
シェリング『自由論』の成立
2013.4 - 2015.3
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
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アメリカ環境教育の研究
2007.4 - 2009.3
明治大学人文科学研究所
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
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A Study on the ideal type of the Japanese environmental education based on international comparisons
Grant number：18500656 2006.4 - 2009.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
SHIBASAKI Fumikazu
Authorship：Principal investigator
This study makes three proposals for ways to improve environmental awareness in Japan. The first proposal is for the introduction of a new subject called "Environmental Studies", a change that would require drastically revising the current subjects of "Integrated Studies," "Home Economics" and "Technology." The second is that civil organizations focused on environmental education reduce their membership fees to the level of American and European organizations, as by thus encouraging more people to join they would likely become more effective in their work. It is also important to create conditions that will make it easier for experts from such environmental organizations to contribute to improving environmental education in schools. The third proposal is that Japanese organizations which already have the rights to American environmental education programs should extend these rights, where appropriate, to other organizations that are engaged primarily in promoting environmental education.
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Construction of the Archives on the modern history of Big Sciences by Oral History and its communization
Grant number：18200052 2006.4 - 2009.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
HIRATA Kohji, DEGUCHI Masayuki, SEKIMOTO Michiko, TAKAIWA Yoshinobu, YUKAWA Tetsuyuki, ITO Kenji, SHIBASAKI Fumikazu, ABE Naoki, YOKOYAMA Hiromi, KATO Naoko
Authorship：Collaborating Investigator(s) (not designated on Grant-in-Aid)
-
東アジアの人間活動が大気環境に与える影響の解明と環境協調可能性の探究
2006.4 - 2007.3
総合地球環境学研究所
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s) Grant type：Competitive
-
生命科学と生命観の統合的研究
2006.4 - 2007.3
総合研究大学院大学・葉山高等研究センター
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s) Grant type：Competitive
-
Study on the concept of morals in the former ethics of R.M.Hare
Grant number：16520012 2004.4 - 2006.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
SHIBASAKI Fumikazu
Authorship：Principal investigator
This research is a study on the concept of morals in the former period of Hare's ethics.
In the first research year, I tried to throw light on the concept of morals in the "Language of Morals" which is one of his major writings and his paper on 'Ethics'. In the second year, I tried to make the concept of morals in his "Freedom and Reason" clear and analyze his theory of the understanding of other people.
As a result, I found that Hare's conceptualization of morals very unclear at least in his former period. But I confirmed that a germination of his theory of the understanding of other people which will be developed in his later ethics can be found in his "Freedom and Reason".
Hare points out in "Freedom and Reason" that there are two kinds of moral arguments. One is an argument which is based on a conflict between interests and the other is an argument which is based on a conflict between ideals. Hare insists that the moral arguments based on the conflict between interests are solvable by his ethical theory of universal prescriptivism. But he pleads that his theory of universal prescriptivism cannot provide a crucial resolution of the moral arguments based on the conflict between ideals. He calls up the mind of toleration in order to solve this problem. But the possible reason for this request is not given in the framework of his ethics. If we, however, look at the whole reasoning of his ethical theory we can consider that he thinks the possible grounds for the toleration are based on our competence of the understanding of other people. Hence I looked into his thesis of the understanding of other people as an attempt to interpret his conceptualization of morals. -
International Comparison of STS Researches
Grant number：14208001 2002.4 - 2006.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
HIRATA Kohji, YUKAWA Tetsuyuki, SHIBASAKI Fumikazu, DEGUCHI Masayuki
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
Through the research, we have designed a series of lectures of STS particularly suited to the graduate students of sciences. The lectures were actually given as special lectures of the Graduate University for Advanced Studies named "Social Literacy of the Science", composed of one week intensive course for three years. The trial was discussed and examined by several academic communities and many ideas were added. Based on the experience, we could propose the system for the education of STS in the university. This is suited to the university but can also be regarded as the model for graduate courses in sciences. Thus, we could accomplished the most important goal of the research.
In addition, our proposal was included in the design of the new department "Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems" in the school of advanced studies, which will start in 2007. STS in our version was treated as indispensable ingredient of the course.
Another important conclusion through the observation of STS researches in Europe and Americas was the necessity of the infrastructures for STS studies such as archives of historical documents, oral histories and films related to the science. The archives are the base of the research and Japan does not have it. Lead by this observation, (1) new research project was made in Hayama Center for Advanced Studies for the system of scientific and cultural archives on the inter-university-research institutes; (2) another research project was approved based on the grant-in-Aid for scientific research "Construction of Shared Archives for the Oral History of Big Sciences". The achievements obtained in the present research will be expanded by these new projects. -
高度情報通信社会における統計データの利用・公開規範に関する批判的研究
2000.4 - 2002.3
統計数理研究所共同利用研究
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
-
The role of Philanthropy for the development of science
Grant number：11695016 1999.4 - 2002.3
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
YUKAWA Tetsuyuki, DEGUCHI Masayuki, HIRATA Koji
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
Internal Revenue Code 501(C) 3 organizations in the USA, which is often referred as NPOs(Nonprofit Organizations) are supported by philanthropy because of their tax exempt status. Institutes for advanced researches and sciences are usually included 501(C) 3 organizations. Such institutes can challenge feasible studies because of characteristics of private donations.
For example, Santa Fe Institute which is famous for study of complex system is one of such typical institutes. Especially, interdisciplinary researches to seek for a new science need flexible fund.
We including researchers from sciences and humanities have developed the study of role of philanthropy for science. Deguchi found importance of language to seek private donations. Language divides intellectuals and he defines "linguapolitical" situation that linguistic border becomes more and more important.
Hirata became aware of relation between science and society.
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