Grant amount：\3640000 （ Direct Cost: \2800000 、 Indirect Cost：\840000 ）

Current open education resources and online learning environment require appropriate human resources such as designers and management staffs in Educational Technology area though the curriculum standard has not established yet. To extract common learning contents for the purpose, the interaction between course syllabi of some curricula are examined using a combination of lexical analysis and cluster analysis. As a result, some fundamental information and features for a possible curriculum in both educational technology and learning technology has been gathered.
A possible curriculum including courses and their key words for desired three types of human resources in educational technology was created in accordance with the results of analysis. Also, a prototype of course material was developed.

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Grant amount：\4810000 （ Direct Cost: \3700000 、 Indirect Cost：\1110000 ）

The term "Educational Promotion Basic Plan" as decided by the Cabinet decision on June 14, 2013, as compared with the plan for 2008, terms such as disparity, learning, lifelong learning, collaboration etc. are frequently used, Frequency is relatively decreasing.Japan has been focusing on education so far, but as seen at the beginning of the basic plan, we are steering a big steering toward 'independent learning for independence, collaboration, creation' .However, since the institutions, contents and methods conceived from the educational philosophy and the educational goal are being developed in the reality of education, both research and practice need new concepts, systems, contents and methods based on learning.
For that purpose, we will reconsider philosophy and publish the research method which can respond to the reuse of higher education as global trend, lifelong learning aiming at utilization of ICT by new concept, carry up of function.

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Grant amount：\15470000 （ Direct Cost: \11900000 、 Indirect Cost：\3570000 ）

The impact of lecturer's instructions on note-taking activities for student's learning performance and their reflection to promote self directed learning were evaluated during both fully online and blended learning courses of credited bachelor level. The methodologies of instructions were assessed.
In order to evaluate effectiveness of audio information lexical analysis was conducted for slide information, audio information and student's note taking activity during fully online course. Contributions of some indices of note-taking for audio information to test scores were examined using various analyses. The participant's self reflection during a blended learning course were analyzed to determine the contribution of note taking instruction using the results of two surveys. The impact of improvements in note-taking skills on changes in self-evaluation were examined.

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Grant amount：\4290000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 、 Indirect Cost：\990000 ）

This research focused on facilitation which is one of the classroom methods.We set the objective to obtain the classroom constructive fators and selection criteria for the selection of the topic.
First, we have found the items for the analysis by analysing a topic of the natural disaster discussed in a university. Second, we conducted the facilitation using the topic relating lejislature and get the item for topic selection and classroom analysis. Third, we conducted a facilitaiton using a topic relating Japanese self defence force.As the result, we obtained, as the classroom constructive factors, core of classroom, comparison, evidence, paradox and decisive intention. We also obtained, as criteria for the selection of the topic, interest, importance, knowledge/experience, peripheral effect, the unbiased and taboo.

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Grant amount：\3510000 （ Direct Cost: \2700000 、 Indirect Cost：\810000 ）

This project is conducted to produce an evaluation procedure for promoting non-formal/informal learning experience at Japanese universities such as internship on external sectors. Since these learning aim to achieve the generic skills, some learning programs are surveyed such as employability education, sandwich program and work-based learning conducted in UK universities.
To consider for adopting evaluation procedure based on the employability programs, some rubrics (Social Learning Common Rubric) were developed to evaluate student's activities for generic skills, and some surveys were conducted on an internship program for freshmen at a university.
Lastly, this study suggests introductory method for utilizing rubrics and also discusses some insights for conducting and evaluating non-formal/informal learning program in Japanese higher education.

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Grant amount：\18850000 （ Direct Cost: \14500000 、 Indirect Cost：\4350000 ）

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the theories of and collect good practices for the teacher education based on the educational technology approach. To pursue the purpose, the authors have developed the handbook named “The handbook of the teacher education based on the educational technology approach”. It has 247 pages and consists of the 5 parts. They are outline, good cases, exercise, theories, and lists of key words and resources. The authors asked the researchers and the practitioners to assess the handbook from some viewpoints. Data indicated that the validity and the practical effectiveness of the handbook were confirmed to a certain degree.

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Grant amount：\5200000 （ Direct Cost: \4000000 、 Indirect Cost：\1200000 ）

After WWⅡ, the science teaching materials Shogakusei no Kagaku and Kisokagaku Kyoikusosho, compiled under the guidance of the US Army of Occupation were designed to encourage liberal thinking and a problem-solving approach. How imported American science education was provided to post-war children was investigated through text and illustration analysis using digitalised data, interviewing people who were in education, media or cultural activities at that time and archive survey. The results indicate that it was tentatively presented in the form of a unique text-type which narrativised scientific laws and phenomena into literary storylines under the real-life condition. The use of this type of readings could be effective in not only providing knowledge but also nurturing generic skills including critical thinking abilities as children must interpret independently the stories to extract science. This might be one form of science literacy education which functions in the Japanese context.

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Grant amount：\3770000 （ Direct Cost: \2900000 、 Indirect Cost：\870000 ）

A model-based approach was proposed to estimate users' contextual understanding from features of their eye movements while viewing question statements in response to definition statements. Features of eye movements were defined as a sequence of symbols, saccade and fixation. Eye movements were modeled using hidden Markov models for the sequential data, which has 2 states, "certain" and "uncertain". As a result, feasibility of chronological prediction using the model is examined.

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Grant amount：\9880000 （ Direct Cost: \7600000 、 Indirect Cost：\2280000 ）

To improve learning using online learning environment, note-taking activity was introduced into two types of university courses such as blended learning and fully online learning, and note-taking skills and various indices of students were surveyed. Additionally, The lexical features of notes taken were analyzed, such as the word ratios of student notes and the degree of coverage of the lecturer's notes. The relationships among those metrics were analyzed and compared between two courses.

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Grant amount：\14950000 （ Direct Cost: \11500000 、 Indirect Cost：\3450000 ）

We developed a fuzzified procedure of learning task selection in a foreign speaking practice system based on English sentence memorization. In the system, a learning task in a material is basically selected at random, but actually it can be conducted at quasi-random in a manner that several properties common to the all material, each property value is matched to the value of the student by a fuzzified operation. With the method, we developed a system in which a task fitting to the student is easily selected. On the other hand, in order to cope with the actual learning, we adopted an audio-recording facility with time restriction and synchronized method. Actually speaking is needed to be done as soon as he/she thinks to do that. The said audio-recording facility helps a student to do that in an actual speaking situation.

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Grant amount：\19240000 （ Direct Cost: \14800000 、 Indirect Cost：\4440000 ）

For the improvement of our students' academic capabilities at primary schools, secondary schools and universities, it is crucial for us to not only reconsider educational contents but also improve educational methods. This project applied two research methodologies for studying educational methods :(1) making comparison among primary schools, secondary schools and universities, and(2) making comparison between Japan and some foreign countries. The findings of this study were characterized as follows :(1) a narrow concept of educational methods vs. a wide concept of educational methods, and(2) peculiar educational methods vs. common educational methods.

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Grant amount：\8710000 （ Direct Cost: \6700000 、 Indirect Cost：\2010000 ）

Bachelors and masters students who were enrolled in blended courses at a Japanese university were surveyed for three consecutive years in order to observe learners' behavior. In this study, the quantitative differences in the causal relationship between learner characteristics and learning behavior across student levels (bachelor vs. masters) and the survey years were determined. Additionally, to determine the students' learning performance in online learning activities, essay-testing were introduced and examined as assessment tools for blended and fully online courses in the bachelor level and for blended courses in the master's level. Also, to study the results of using an automated assessment system for essay-tests, a proto type system was introduced and results were discussed. According to these results, possible improvement for the blended learning were discussed.

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Grant amount：\20540000 （ Direct Cost: \15800000 、 Indirect Cost：\4740000 ）

The scope of this research is to develop a network platform which allows teachers and researchers to visualize their empirical educational knowledge and to share it with other members of the platform beyond the constraints such as time, place and the field of expertise. The effectiveness of the platform was examined through an empirical assessment process. In particular, the study addressed the following issues. (1) Research and analysis on the requirements of the platform and the methodology to support visualization and sharing of educational empirical knowledge. (2) Development of SNS (Social Networking Service) to facilitate connections among participants beyond the constraints such as time, place and the field of expertise. (3) Development of the additional functions of SNS which automatically work for visualizing educational knowledge and connecting relevant distributed knowledge. The results of the empirical assessment revealed that automatic visualization of implicit knowledge and conversion from distributed knowledge to collective knowledge effectively support the sharing of distributed empirical knowledge. In addition, the possibility of the platform to facilitate the reconstitution of knowledge and the creation of new knowledge was indicated.

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Grant amount：\6120000 （ Direct Cost: \5100000 、 Indirect Cost：\1020000 ）

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Grant amount：\16800000 （ Direct Cost: \15000000 、 Indirect Cost：\1800000 ）

This study aimed to research comprehensively and practically how the use of ICT in a classroom make an impact on learning achievement of students. 17 research members broke up into small groups and each group carried out investigations into the same interest. Many school teachers also cooperated with us on this study. The results of this two years' research are following :
1. We performed a large survey on the relation of students' achievement of learning and teachers' teaching strategy, and reported the relation between students' practical abilities and teachers' ICT use in various points of view.
2. By providing some ICT tools to teachers who hadn't used it in their classroom, we analyzed how teachers changed their way of using ICT and teaching style, and how ICT affected on students' activities and their learning. In this case, we tried to research by qualitative study method , interviewing teachers and analyzing students' portfolio.
3. We researched how teachers approach to the first step of ICT use and figured out they use ICT in classroom very simply : an they project textbooks to the screen using video camera and projector. We also found that students who were taught by using ICT in the classroom improved their test score on knowledge and comprehension.
4. As for the evaluation of students' ability of Tar use and information literacy, we developed various of test items and new types of computer based testing system. And we tried to perform them in some elementary and junior high schools.
5. For training for teachers, we developed a lot of workshop training courses in which teachers are able to learn practically how to use ICT in classroom.
These results of the study were reported in our research report issued in March 2008 and presented and discussed in JSETs Symposium in Jun, 2008.

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Grant amount：\15960000 （ Direct Cost: \14700000 、 Indirect Cost：\1260000 ）

High-Definition (BD) video has wide view and high resolution, and it can suitably used in distance education. With HD video even without camera work, remote students can study as live students. The Center for Research and Development of Educational Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology transmits many lectures to domestic high schools and foreign universities. Actual distance lectures shot by expert cameramen using Standard-Definition (SD) video are also taken by HD video without any camera work. Those videos are viewed by subjects and we conducted questionnaire survey and eye tracking.
The main results are;
1. Expert cameramen properly shoot areas where students mainly see, but we demonstrated quantitatively that students tend to see outside of those areas. So it is practically impossible to satisfy all the students.
2. Teaching Assistants cannot control a camera, but even without any camera work HD video can show wide area with enough resolution. So it can suitably used as distance education media.
These results show that proper educational environment can be set up by preparing wide band network to transmit HD video with reduced labor cost for expert cameramen. In those cases, however, big screen should be prepared not to make characters on the board too small.

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Grant amount：\3300000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 ）

目的:本研究の目的は,アバタ自体が休息,もくしはリラックスすることにより,作業者がそれをみただけで癒されるたり,あるいは休息行為を促されるためのインタフェース作りである.これに必要なアバタの見かけや動作を開発・実装し,効果についてアンケート調査を行う.
方法:MSオフィスアシスタント(以下MSアシスタント)と同等のサイズのキャラクター(癒しキャラ)を1個作成した.癒しキャラには背伸びなど全8動作を行わせた.これに対して,10個のMSアシスタント(犬,イルカなど)から各8動作,計88動作を抽出した.これらの癒し効果について,Web上でアンケート調査を行った.アンケートは7段階評価であり,分析的項目(5つ)と包括的項目(3つ)から構成された.
手順:Web上のアンケートサイトにて,被験者1人あたりMSアシスタント2個と癒しキャラの計3個を評価させた.なお,MSアシスタントはランダムに割りふった.各キャラクターの被評価人数は約30名であった.
結果:癒しを促進するキャラクターと行動を明らかにするために,評価項目ごとに,癒しキャラとMSアシスタントの88種類の行動について一元配置分散分析を行った.その結果,全体的な傾向として,犬とイルカの行動が,他のキャラクターに比べ,より癒しを促進していることが明らかになった.
考察:花や貝殻など癒しイメージが感じられるものや,火炎放射器を使うなど意外性・非日常性が感じられる行為に癒し効果が認められた.また,キャラクターの「かわいさ」も重要な要因であることがわかった.今後の癒しキャラ開発では,作業者が日常とっている行動との関連や,キャラクターの影響を考慮する必要がある.また,作業者自身が休息行為を行うことによる癒し効果や,脳科学の知見の検証にも展開させていきたい.
<スケジュール>平成19年3月日本教育工学会研究会における成果発表

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Grant amount：\8800000 （ Direct Cost: \8800000 ）

The purpose of this study is to develop a procedure for creating online teaching materials and supporting procedure for learners to improve lecture teaching.
Firstly, we presents a feasibility that scene thumbnail images of lecture video can be summarized using Self-Organizing Map (SOM). To extract a feature of scene thumbnail images from a lecture video, the discrete cosine transformation (DCT) was conducted for 15 segments of a image, then 3 major components from each segment were extracted. The system was applied to an ordinal lecture.
Secondly, to examine the impact of student characteristics on learning performance, 46 freshmen and 67 graduate students from a japanese university completed surveys on three constructs, which were motivation, personality, thinking styles, and participated in two blended learning courses which consisted of offace-to-face lectures with corresponding online modules and tests for 14 weeks. Learning performance as the number of days attended(NDA), the number of completed modules (NCM) and online test scores (OTS) were recorded. The relationship amongst characteristics, learning practice and learning performance are revealed using statistical analysis. Also, the same survey was conducted in a US university, common data were collected.
Thirdly, a prediction procedure for failure of online learners was developed to operate online course. The procedure was based that access log data of the online course for failed learners showed different tendency with ones of finished learners. This procedure can be applied to other class data.
These results show possibility of improving university teaching with information technology and consideration of learner's characteristics.

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Grant amount：\14300000 （ Direct Cost: \14300000 ）

This study aims to develop and evaluate e-learning design methods for the enhancement of learner's presence, in order to prevent drop-out. "Presence" referred in this research means perceived feeling as learners take a face-to-face class in e-learning environment. Suggestion from this research allows educator to promote the use of e-learning and use essential points to design learner-friendly e-learning system and contents.
We research overall of e-learning design using company and educational organization in domestic and foreign countries in 2004. We interviewed with domestic and foreign researchers about practical design of e-learning for the enhancement of learner's presence. The results show that it is important for educator to have practical knowledge which let learners feel immergence in virtual e-learning environment without consciousness of applied media.
In 2005, we evaluate the effect of computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools (Bulletin Board Systems (BBS), e-mail, and interactive blachboard) on the enhancement of learner's presence from the affective viewpoint. Results from this research reveal learners evaluated significantly high social presences in the lecture by using an interactive blackboard. Results from research about E-mail and BBS suggest the influence by a partner's status was seen in the learner's emotions produced by reading, their interpretation of other learner's emotional states, the contents of the message, and how to write the reply.
We designed and developed presence-enhanced e-learning, and evaluated its effects from the viewpoints of affective side and learning performance. The results show that real-time communication using Synchronous CMC tools such as chat enhanced learner's presence, and promote high learning performance. We conducted another experiment for evaluation of handwriting, typing, and pen-tablet system. The results shows handwriting-based media had a positive effect on learner's memorization ability and presence.

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Grant amount：\2800000 （ Direct Cost: \2800000 ）

本年度は、瞳孔面積計測において瞬目の影響を除去するために開発した、瞳孔面積推定手法の評価を中心に行なった。推定性能の評価と推定手法の応用について検討した。
(1)瞬目時の瞳孔面積推定手法の評価
瞬目による欠損値を含む瞳孔面積の時系列データを対象に、瞬目による欠損値の推定をSupport Vector Regressionを用いて検討した。本手法で各種パラメータを調整することによって、評価データでは他の推定手法よりも高い推定性能が得られることがわかった。そこて、瞳孔面積による評価を目的とした暗算課題実施時の実験データを用いて、推定性能を検討した。その結果、本手法開発に用いた訓練データおよび評価データと同様に、瞬目時の瞳孔面積を推定できることを明らかにした。また、瞳孔面積変化の周波数スペクトラムによる評価において、既に提案した多層パーセプトロン、単純に瞬目区間を削除する方法と比較した結界、高周波数帯域で違いが認められた。推定手法による周波数スペクトラムへの影響について検討した。
(2)眼球情報による評価の検討
瞳孔面積や眼球運動の、コンピュータインターフェースのユーザビリティ評価への適用可能性を検討した。瞳孔面積や眼球運動の評価指標を用いて、マウス、キーボード、キーパッドによる入力操作課題のユーザビリティ評価可能性を調べた。さらに、従来からユーザビリティ評価に用いられている主観評価結果との相関関係を検討し、眼球情報の指標から主観評価結果が推定可能であることを明らかにした。さらに、この成果を応用して、学校教育で利用されるマルチメディア学習教材を使用する際のユーザビリティ評価を実施した。歴史年表にハイパーリンクを適用した教材で「探索」と「読み」過程で評価指標に有意な違いがあることを示し、マルチメディア教材の利用上の問題点を検討した。

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Grant amount：\2500000 （ Direct Cost: \2500000 ）

本企画調査研究では、下記の2つのアプローチで今後の研究方針について具体的な方法を検討した。
(1)教育工学研究における実践と研究、研究成果蓄積の方法
教育工学における各分野での研究者を訪問し、実践と研究の位置付けならびに、教育工学研究のあり方、研究成果蓄積と共有の方法について討論した。その結果、実践研究と呼ばれるものには、実践的研究と実践報告が混在しており、明確に区別されていないとする批判もあったが、研究としては基礎的あるいは理論的研究と実践的研究が行なわれていることを確認した。その上で、教育工学の立場で学習過程を中心とした研究を推進することが、教育学的研究や工学的研究としても意味を持つことが示唆された。また、研究蓄積を推進するためにも、各分野ごとに定期的に研究成果を集約し、研究成果と研究課題を研究者間で共有できるような方法が必要であることが指摘された。
(2)教育工学における研究評価
科学技術分野における研究評価として、論文誌によるコミュニティ(ジャーナル共同体)での評価基準に着目した。そこで、先行研究を基に理論的研究指向と実践的研究指向を評定する質問紙を作成して学会会員65名の回答を分析し、2因子を抽出し、2つの評価尺度を構成した。論文誌に掲載された実践論文12編と一般論文11編の合計23編について、分析で得た尺度を用いて評定した。実践論文は、吉崎による実践研究の総論で紹介された論文から、一般論文は直近の掲載論文から選択した。評定は上記の研究指向パタンが明かな匿名の査読者に依頼し、評定値を得た。この試験的な調査から2つの因子による評定者の属性と論文評価点の関係を検討した。ただし、その妥当性の確認や、研究の属性を考慮した今後の研究展開への指針の検討は課題として残された。

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Grant amount：\3400000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 ）

We conducted international distance education via satellite. The delivered lectures are the ones taught in English as international graduate program. The receiving universities are Asian Institute of Technology and Ring Mongkut's Institute of Technology, both in Bangkok, Thailand. Pictures and voices were reliably transmitted in high quality via satellite, while internet TV conference system was used for questions and answers. The latter reduced the equipment cost at receiving side while maintaining the real time interaction between lecturer and students, which made the students to keep their high motivation. At least once in a term, the lecturers were sent to the receiving university to have a face-to-face lecture session, which also made students happy and feel they are well treated.
We conducted a survey of school calendars, time tables, etc. of several universities in the world. It becomes clear that the educational systems do not always coincide each other, but it is also found that we may find almost common time slot if we carefully review the systems of two universities. Finding such intersection is not always possible nor an easy job. We may have to combine a special lecture of a intensive course. In fact we conducted an intensive course during summer vacation in Thailand, which attracted Thai students very much.
International distance education inevitably have structural barrier, such as different educational systems, language barrier, physical distance, time difference, etc. We have shown these obstacles can be overcome by mutual understanding and mutual efforts, and conducted successful distance education. Students' survey also show positive responses. We believe that the key points of the success was the enthusiasm of both sides.

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Grant amount：\7100000 （ Direct Cost: \7100000 ）

本研究で得られた成果を列挙すると以下のようになる。
(1)コンピュータ活用に関する教員の実態調査と今後の展開
昨年度実施した学校教員と管理職を対象にした実態調査結果を踏まえて、第2回目の実態調査を行った。第2回の調査では、第1回調査で回答していただいた3,591件に対して調査した。その結果、授業でのコンピュータ活用やインターネット活用に関する実態等を明らかにすることができた。また、今後の展開を検討する資料としての分析を行った。
(2)今後のIT技術の進展に関する予測と教育との関連分析
IT技術に関して公表されている多くの文献、資料、書籍等を調査して、2010年、2015年におけるIT関連技術予測を行った。その結果、活用するデータをセンターに保存しておき、必要な時点で必要な情報をネットワーク利用によって取得する方法が主になると考えられる。その結果を踏まえて教育との関連を整理して、今後のIT技術の教育における活用をまとめることができた。
(3)今後の情報社会が求める人材の能力に関する調査
急速に進展している高度情報社会が必要とする人材の能力を検討する資料として、米国の教育省が委託して検討している「21世紀のスキル」を調査してまとめた。この結果は今後の展開を検討する際に有用となると考えられる。
(4)2005年度のIT環境に於ける教育のイメージ化
2005年度の整備計画終了後の環境におけるITを活用した教育の場面を100事例挙げて、そのイメージをイラストで示した。これらは、小学校段階から中学、高等学校に於ける各教科の種々の指導場面を想定しており、それらのイメージを示すことによって、今後の教員のIT活用指導力の向上に役立つことを期待している。
(5)教育の情報化に対応した効果的な教育に関する推進策の検討
以上の種々の観点を総合的に検討した結果として、今後の推進策の例を列挙することができた。
(6)研究成果報告書の作成
昨年後の成果と今年度の成果を総合的にまとめて、最終報告書をまとめた。

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Grant amount：\3300000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 ）

本研究は遠隔による教師教育システムの基礎的研究である。実際の教室におけるあらゆる教育活動を擬似空間にて再現し、教師だけではなく教室内のあらゆる事物とのインタラクションを可能にする。そのインタラクションを学習者間で共有し、協同学習を促進することをシステムの意図としている。今年度では昨年度に開発した、映像と文字情報を結びつけるアノテーションシステムに授業内で理解すべきキーワードと映像が持つ時間軸とをリンクさせる機能を追加し、実際の授業で利用した。実際にはビデオで授業の映像を録画し、それをサーバー上へ置き、授業の復習という位置づけで実践を行った。授業の内容の理解に関係するキーワードと時間軸をリンクさせ、そのキーワードの理解に関係する映像が流れることとなっている。またその映像を題に学習者間でディスカッションを行うことが可能となっている。これらを行うことで、授業中の映像で表現されるあらゆる事物に対して学習者はコメントや質問、議論をするなどのインタラクションが可能となることや、授業の理解や今後の学習に必要とされるキーワードに関して学習を行い、またそれらを利用してディスカッションに参加することで、より良い授業の理解を促進させることが考えられる。有効性ではそれぞれのキーワードの関連性、ディスカッション中の発言とキーワードの関連性を視覚化し学習者へ提示することでより授業の理解が進む可能性が考えられる。また議論に注目するとアノテーションにより議論の内容に影響する可能性が示されたが、より良い環境を提供するために対面環境との違いを確認し、アノテーションを利用した議論の円滑化を図る工夫が必要であることが考えられる。

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Grant amount：\120120000 （ Direct Cost: \92400000 、 Indirect Cost：\27720000 ）

National Information Center for Educational Resources (NICER) was developed as the Educational gateway to all educational resources in Japan. NICER is the national website in which both instructors and learners are able to search necessary information easily. The system allows users to search for information related to primary and secondary education that reside sporadically across the country in a cross-website manner using LOM or Learning Object Metadata. The categorization used in NICER's system corresponds to that of the Curriculum Standards for elementary and high school education. Therefore information for particular subjects, grades, areas and items can be retrieved readily. In order to allow global sharing of educational resources using LOM, NICER has developed the LOM system with the IEEE-1484 standard in mind, to support the internationalization. NICER in English was also developed for English speakers.
Entering keywords is the method to find necessary information, but in the case of Japanese, because of the multiplicity of types of characters in the written language, children may not be able to reach the information they need, because they cannot enter the more difficult forms of Chinese characters they have not yet learned to read or write. In the same example as above, a child may enter the keyword in hiragana, the phonetic syllabary in Japanese, but this may not be recognized in general search engines which only identify with kanji, or Chinese characters of the same word. Our system can recognize keywords in either forms of writing, to support young users.
The many supporting tools were also developed for students and educators, and these are well in service through the Internet. The current website accesses are exceed three million per year, which means this NICER are using by many users.

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Grant amount：\9200000 （ Direct Cost: \9200000 ）

The purpose of this study is to compare performance among developed subject classification methods for educational Web re-sources.
Three methods are vector space model (VSM) using degree of cosine similarity, vector distance on the self-organizing map (SOM) and three layer percptron (MLP). The document vectors were estimated by the term feature vectors which were extracted from the teaching guidelines based on the singular value decomposition method (SVD).
The 403 teaching schemes were prepared as the test documents for the subject discrimination. The recall rate, precision rate and Fl measure as the classification performance measure, were compared across three methods. The recall rate using MLP is the highest for most subjects. The highest precision rate among the methods depend on subject. As a result, F1 measure as total performance index of most subjects are the highest for the method using MLP.
According to the results, the subject classification methods for educational Web resources by using multi layer perceptron (MLP) is tested to achieye better performance. Ten classification methods and 403 test documents were prepared, then classification perfor-mance was compared among conditions by the F1 measure.
As a result, it was examined effectiveness of singular value decomposition (SVD) to extract term feature from term-document matrix as description characteristics of the national teaching guideline. The highest performance of classification method was the use of MLP which trained with all term features extracting from SVD when document feature was estimated by terms appering unique subject.
Also, it was suggested that there were significant differences of document feature components between correct and incorrect classified documents.

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Grant amount：\14400000 （ Direct Cost: \14400000 ）

The aim of this research involves a development and evaluation of information system using the Internet to support satellite education. The followings are the achievements of this research.
(1)Development of a System to Deliver Slide Patterns of Lecturer and a Feedback System Using the Internet
This system can deliver slide patterns shown by lecturer to a learners' web browser via a network or the Internet. A slide pattern is sent in sync with a lecture. By this function, learners can read slide patterns more clearly than a TV screen sent by satellite. In addition to this, this system can gather learners' real-time response for an enquete via the Internet. Furthermore, a lecturer is able to show a graph of result on a web browser.
(2)Development of Notification System for Educational Information
Users of this system can receive e-mail for notification of new educational information, which has relations with keywords that users have registered. This system has been released and used since September 2002 in the National Information Center for Educational Resources (NICER). Furthermore, this system have a function to detect whether an web page update is worth for users.
(3)Development of an Information Retrieval System for Video-Based Learning Materials
In this system, video material is time coded by matching with manually transcribed speech data. Using time coded speech data, an information retrieval system of video-based learning materials was developed. This system offers a full-text retrieval, and replays retrieved video clips in which query terms are contained.

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Grant amount：\3500000 （ Direct Cost: \3500000 ）

Human emotional activity plays major role of learning motivation and effectiveness. We examined whether bio-response can be a measure as emotional factor of learner's activity to achieve effectiveness learning with information technology. Major results are addressed in three points.
Firstly, pupil response for task difficulty of oral calculation was observed as-power spectrum density (PSD) of pupillogram. Multi layer perceptron with one hidden layer model for pupillary change was developed to estimate pupil size during blink. Pupillography in the two types of oral calculation task were observed. The PSDs in the area of 1.6-3.5Hz were significantly changed among three experimental conditions as well as averages of pupil size. Both of PSD and average size increased with task difficulty : control, 1x1 and 1x2 digits oral calculation. Comparing PSD results of pupillography between with and without blink artifact, PSD result without blink artifact clearly showed the factor of task solving.
Secondly, saccadic eye-movement frequency and it's path length were measured in response to the task difficulty during oral calculation task and ocular following task. The results of first experiment found that both the saccade occurrence rate and saccade length were found to decrease with the increased difficulty of the task. In second experiment, eye-movement frequencies were elicited by the switching frequency of a visual target. The saccade time were found to increase with the frequency however, gazing time were found to decrease in response to the frequency. Additionally, the correlation between blinking and saccade time appeared in the higher frequencies. Furthermore, eye-movement frequency appears to play a different role than that of task difficulty. Thirdly, perceptual process for Japanese Kanji character was examined by observing event related potential (ERP) in electroencephalogram for Kanji discrimination task, Visual images of single known kanji, unknown kanji and fake-kanji were presented randomly while the subjects perform the kanji discrimination task. ERP analysis revealed that N400, the index as word cognition, is emerged. The result of independent component analysis (ICA) on ERP revealed that the activation timecourse of the independent components located in the occipital cortex had no difference and those located in the left posterior inferior temporal cortex (PITC) had difference and were activated from 320ms stimulus onset. This result indicates that kanji is processed as visual feature in occipital cortex and as lexical C12item in the left PITC.

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Grant amount：\2000000 （ Direct Cost: \2000000 ）

本研究は、学校の授業で使われる黒板および教室の機能を拡張し、教室の前面にあたる「教壇」全体を大型のコンピュータ・ディスプレイによって置き換えるための基礎研究である。ポイント操作で教材が提示できる、黒板を電子化した既存のタッチパネル・ディスプレイの機能に加え、生徒とのインタラクションの要素を盛り込んだ「教室オペレーティングシステム」の設計・デザインを研究目的とする。
平成14年度に実施した研究内容を以下に記す。
1.i-roomおよび「教室オペレーティングシステム」に必要な機能分析
平成13年度に引き続き、小・中・高等学校、大学の様々な授業における教室前面の使われ方を分析した。電子化教室に関する先行研究調査と併せて、i-roomに実装すべき要素・機能と「教室オペレーティングシステム」に実装すべき教室メタファーをいくつか抽出した。
2.「教室オペレーティングシステム」およびi-roomプロトタイプシステムの設計
電子会議システムツールmimioを用い、タッチパネル・ディスプレイのモデルを実装した。このモデルと、抽出した教室のいくつかの要素・機能を盛り込んだ「教室オペレーティングシステム」およびi-roomのプロトタイプシステムのコンセプトを設計した。
3.i-roomのプロトタイプシステムを想定した電子化黒板ソフトウェアの評価と改良
i-roomに実装すべき機能のうち、今回は授業時における生徒の質問、疑問点や興味・関心の度合いといったフィードバック情報を収集し、リアルタイムに教室前面の黒板上に表示するソフトウェアを実装した。それを大学の教育現場で活用することにより、i-roomにおけるインタラクション促進の有効性およびその授業を活性化させる要因について検証した。また、これら実践における教師のコメントや生徒の感想をふまえ、本ソフトウェアの改良を行っていった。

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Grant amount：\1400000 （ Direct Cost: \1400000 ）

本研究では、遠隔教育での遠隔地からの質問や反応情報を効率良く収集表示し、講師に学習者からの情報をわかりやすく伝える支援システムを開発することを目標としている。
そこで、携帯電話のメール機能やブラウザアクセス機能を用いて、システムの実現を検討した。
本年度は、以下の内容を検討した。
1.講義内容の構造化と表示方法の検討:講義概要を抽出・整理するために、講義資料の記述を分析し、講義内容を構造化するために、自己組織化マップを用いて構造化して表示する方法を検討した。
2.情報収集システムの開発:携帯電話のブラウザ機能やメール機能を用いて、情報を収集するシステムを開発した。本システムでは講義に関する選択肢の選択状況を集計したり、自由記述形式の質問文を分析収集する機能を実現した。質問文では、質問文に含まれる語彙によって、質問に関連する提示パターンを推定する方法などを検討した。
3.レスポンス情報の表示システムの開発:得られた反応情報や質問は、遠隔講義をしている講師に、効果的に伝達する必要がある。そこで、収集情報を1画面のWebページに集約し、講師にわかり易い形式で表示できる画面を開発した。

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Grant amount：\8300000 （ Direct Cost: \8300000 ）

インターネットは社会的に大きな課題を与えることになり、私達が知らない間に情報通信ネットワーク犯罪に巻き込まれることにもなりかねない状況となっている。しかし、インターネットがあまりにも急速に進展したために、(1)法的にどのようなことが許されているのか、あるいは、(2)法的に許されても、どのようなことが他人に迷惑を掛ける恐れがあるのか、(3)より好ましいインターネットを利用するマナーとはどのようなことか、等について私達は習得していない。
そこで、本研究では、情報通信ネットワーク社会で必要となる情報モラルと、情報に関連する著作権に関する学習サーバを構築することを目的として、今年度は、学校教育に関連する著作権について学習する教材を作成する計画であった。
しかし、本年度新設された基盤研究(S)に申請した研究課題が採択されたため、わずかの期間で本研究は中止することになった。したがって、本研究の成果は、情報モラル教育教材の在り方と情報化に関連した著作権に関する種々のケースの調査について検討を開始した段階までを行い終了した。そのため、本研究における今年度の研究目標を十分に達成するまでには至らなかった。

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Grant amount：\3400000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 ）

The aim of this research is to efficient categorization of Internet information for school teaching. This thesis conducts categorizing websites to subjects-units, based on the analysis of term-frequencies in teaching textbooks.
A term-document matrix is generated by extracting terms from unit-documents with morphological analysis and summarizing terms' frequency. Each element of this matrix is the frequency of every term in every class unit. Methods to extract feature vectors of terms and documents from the adjusted matrix using SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), and to composite feature vectors of arbitrary documents from the terms' vectors are established. A suitable class-unit for the document is estimated based on the similarity of these feature vectors.
A test-collection including over 120 websites, each of which has an answer made by high-school teachers, was used for the evaluation. Parameters and variables in the procedures, such as, which word classes to use, how to adjust the term-document matrix, the dimension size of feature vectors, etc. were optimized based on this evaluation. Results were given as a list of unit-titles in descending order of similarity between the site's feature vector and the units' vectors.
To illustrate the structure of websites, SOM (Self Organizing Map), which is a kind of a non-supervised neural network learning, is used. As a result, the textbook concept space was visualized, and mapping every page that constructs an arbitrary site showed how the site-pages were distributed in this space. The validity of this map is also discussed and guidelines in reading these maps are shown.
In conclusion, a document classification specialized to educational information was done. Methods to extract feature vectors from descriptions in textbooks and to composite vectors of arbitrary documents are established. Matching class-units of the document is acquired by comparing similarities between the feature vectors. Visualization of categorizing results and website-structures are also done using SOM.It is shown that using these methods, categorization and visualization of websites or documents is feasible.

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Grant amount：\28900000 （ Direct Cost: \28900000 ）

A lot of information is offered to Internet, and there is much information to be useful for learning. However, there are many cases that are not readable to a child student so that it is had much work a kanji.
So, in this study, we developed a system to convert kanji notation of Internet into according to learning automatically. By this study, a child student comes to understand a kanji, but a demand has a system to convert into sentence expression to be suited for a child automatically from teachers of the school spot.
It was based on "the face for Chinese- and Japanese-style readings of Chinese characters" that "school year other kanji kana allotment list" and the Agency for Cultural Affairs which the development Education Ministry of the kanji notation automatic notation conversion function which met a school year established and made "a school year other kanji kana conversion dictionary."
These ten phases of dictionary (general from a kindergarten) is divided into three kinds (a kanji unit, a compound word unit, school year writing together use) according to a conversion method.
I made a database of the Web page, which was useful for development learning of learning information offering system, and then the system, which I could search, was developed. By this system, even primary schoolchildrern could seem to utilize it, and the search item did it with "school year" and two items of "a subject." In addition, the kanji notation, which I put together in a level and hope of a learning person, can because this system fuses with a kanji kana automatic conversion system according to a school year.
In a development book study of a no conversion function and a harmful information filtering function, in the Web site that did not expect conversion (site of a kanji, for example), the Web site where the function that I did not convert into and a harmful term were used for developed the function that I did not display.
As a result evaluation that this system was effective for practical use in a class was provided. This system is utilized in a lot of schools currently in addition to above.

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Grant amount：\3600000 （ Direct Cost: \3600000 ）

In this study, a basis of technique to categorize was established by contents of Web site sponsored with Internet by a school year and a subject, relation with a subject unit.
By this technique, we resolve a description every each unit of a textbook into a term by morpheme analysis and demand an element and a line to do by appearance frequency in each unit of each term, and it is technique extracted by a characteristic vector of a term/a unit with it by the value resolution peculiar.
A unit to fall under was estimated by it being compared resemblance degree with a characteristic vector of each unit demanded by a textbook with a demanded vector by arbitrary information to judge Web site contents to be it.
And it was made what we could divide into a category to a unit in a subject clear if a term extracted from one part of a textbook of existing social studies was used.
We understood that it was achieved high original distinction rate as a result that a post teacher evaluated the result.
And it is the plan that other, school year distinction, a subject input contents of all the textbooks of the every company which is to be published during this year into according to a unit, it is to be extracted a characteristic vector by this technique about a unit of each in order to let this result develop in this study.
And we evaluate technique to divide into a category by it, and it is a plan to examine of practical use.

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Grant amount：\10000000 （ Direct Cost: \10000000 ）

Eye-movements, blinking and pupil size respond to visual or audio stimulus to require information processing. It is well known pupil size increase with task difficulty. We investigated whether their changes are correlated and can be indices of mental activity. First experiment, audio instruction was presented while gazing and following a marked point which moved periodically in the central point and a point on concentric circle. Audio instructions asked to recall memorized word, cap verses or oral calculation. Second experiment, subjects took part in driving simulation game with same audio tasks. Pupil size, blinking and eye-movements were observed in both experiments.
In the first experiment, the averaged pupil sizes and blinking rate significantly increased with visual angle of gazing and following task, and audio instructions. The gazing time and saccadic responses for the target decreased in response to audio instructions. In the second experiment, pupil sizes and blinking also significantly increased in response to audio instructions. The gazing time and saccadic responses also significantly decreased in response to audio instructions.
From these results, it suggested eye movement model for evaluating mental activity, which was based on correlations between blinking time and gazing time, and between blinking time and saccade occurrence time. For verifying this model, the correlations among them were examined under some eye movement conditions. This verification provided the evidence that pupil, blinking and eye-movement responses can be indices of mental activity.

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Grant amount：\6100000 （ Direct Cost: \6100000 ）

The study
The study reveals how the dispersion information environment that seen on mail system and WWW when it is used as basic study in education of schools.
Following is abstract of the result of this study.
(1)For text chat tool and a talk in small groups of a society at learning, the method how the form of communication on cooperative problem solution process, and the form of the group discussion constructively and quantity.
(2)We developed the system that summarizes contents of statements of the net news in inter-net. We contrast the system that is the summary of discussion that is applied in compositions contained key words in the statements with the summary judged by human, and we research how much the summary recognized the same by this system proper lead finding that this system product the summary that is extremely close to human conclusion.
(3)The contents of statements of mailing lists of the contents of statements on mailing lists tend to go on variety the evolution of discussion because logical is looser than the net news. In this study, the contents that are able to be interpreted showing the new information in text, we suggested that the method that makes including key words on catting composition summary of the discussion, and contrast of judgment of human, then we examined the proper of summary that recognized the same by system.
(4)Intended for the summary of above statements of mailing lists presented summary have analyzed the function of reading process as new information presentation method. Giving summary is found that it tends to improve the results from recall experiment of contents of E-mail documents.

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Grant amount：\2100000 （ Direct Cost: \2100000 ）

Recently, information on child-raising is increasing and many mothers and fathers tend to get information from magazines, TV, Internet and so on. The purpose of this study is to clarify the consciousness of mothers who have small children about child-raising information. We conducted a questionnaire dealing with the life conditions and awareness of mothers.
Questionnaire respondents : mothers with a child under one year of age
Of the 2,880 questionnaires distributed, 1075 were returned by mail, giving a return rate of 37.3%.
Findings from the questionnaire :
(1)With regard to child raising, a great many mothers felt that they wanted to raise their child in their own way, without being pulled along by opinions or information from the outside. However, many also answered that there was so much information available that it was very difficult to discern what was true, showing that they are not always confident in their own ability to raise their child.
(2)Many answered that the child went along when the family went out together. Combining the responses of "often" and ", nine out of ten who responded gave this answer. More than half also responded that they "never" left the child with someone else and went out alone as a couple
(3)The information they most needed for child raising was material related to the child's physical development, followed by information on playgrounds and places to go. It was also found that mothers who work outside the home and those who have completed higher levels of education find materials for their own purpose most necessary.
(4)The most widely used form of media was television, followed by magazines and bulletins issued by the city or town. Fifteen percent of the respondents use the Internet. When asked what media they would like to make use of, along with television, they listed city/town bulletins, showing their expectations related to public information.

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Grant amount：\2300000 （ Direct Cost: \2300000 ）

本研究では、文章を理解する過程における背景画運動の影響を調べると共に、どのような条件で学習効果が挙げられるのかを検討した。通常の動画像では、画像の動く速度や画像内容などの違いが大きく、十分な検討ができない。そこで、本研究では仮現運動であるランダム・ドット・キネマトグラムを利用して、画像の空間周波数や輝度などを制御し、検討を行った。
(1) 背景画像の運動速度と運動方向が読み速度に与える影響:横書きと縦書き文章を音読する課題において、背景画像を縦または横に4段階の速度で振動させた。その結果、文章の記述方向に関わらず、横方向では23deg/秒の速度で音読速度が有意に低下した。また、縦方向の運動では、運動速度に応じて音読速度が連続的に低下した。音読速度の低下が、横書き縦書きで変わらないことから、視覚的な特性による変化であると考察した。
(2) 音読時の視点移動の検討:音読速度による結果をさらに検討するために、音読時の視点移動を検討した。その結果、横書き縦書きに関わらず、縦方向の視点移動が全体の約7割を占め、縦方向の眼球運動が多いことを示した。また、背景画面の運動速度による眼球の移動距離への影響を検討した。縦方向の移動距離は、背景画面の横運動と縦運動との間で有意に差があった。また、一部の結果には運動速度による影響も見られた。一方、横方向の移動距離は、背景画の運動速度や運動速度による変化が小さいことを示した。これらの結果について、眼球追従反応において視野画面の運動方向に対する、眼球の選択性があることとの対応について考察を行った。
これらの結果を基に、画面提示における文字スーパなどの文章提示を行う場合の、留意点を検討し、研究をまとめた。

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Grant amount：\10300000 （ Direct Cost: \10300000 ）

The aim of this research involves a development and evaluation of database and information service system for educational technology on the Internet. The following are the achievement of this research.
1. Database System on Educational Technology
Information database on educational technology was created. This database has information on papers and technical reports from Japan Society for Educational Technology and Joint Conference on Education Technology. The user is notified by the E-mail when new data is registered to the database. And the user can also search information by keywords and author's name using WWW browser.
2. Development of Information Search and Notification System for Newspaper Articles
There are many newspaper articles on the Internet that school children have an interest in study. To allow them to be used effectively in learning, an information search and notification system was developed, This system retrieves newspaper articles on the Internet periodically, and searches them automatically for the keywords for which learners have registered before. When a new newspaper articles is found, the learner is notified by the E-mail. The learner can read the abstract of each newspaper article on the system, click the interest one, and jump to the original site on the Internet. By using this system, it is possible for learners surely to choose the content from a large amount of newspaper articles. Therefore, newspaper articles can be effectively utilized in education.
Finally, all the above results are generalized to provide information on education technology via network.

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Grant amount：\1000000 （ Direct Cost: \1000000 ）

本研究は、テレビ番組視聴時における学習の客観的指標である瞳孔面積変化、瞬目反応と主観評価との関係を明らかにし、そのモデル化を行うことを目的とした。
まず、瞳孔面積と瞬目率を時系列的に評価するためのニューラルフィルターを試作した。瞳孔面積を時系列的に処理する上で、瞳孔雑音と呼ばれる微小変動や瞬目による瞳孔面積値の欠損が問題となる。そこで、砂時計型ネットワークを用いて、瞳孔面積変化を特徴抽出と瞬目時の瞳孔面積変化を学習させ、平滑化と瞬目処理を同時に行えるモデルを構築した。
次に、時系列的な主観評価を測定するために、アナログ値を入力できるデバイスを開発した。主観評価値の妥当性を検討するために、様々な番組に対する質問紙による結果と、時系列的な結果との対応関係を調べた。質問紙による評価から、番組に対する評価因子を抽出し、それらの因子との相関を調べ、教育用テレビ番組の総合的な評価の方法を検討した。

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Grant amount：\14900000 （ Direct Cost: \14900000 ）

The aim of this research involves a development and evaluation of information system on education technology and refresher education. Information is provided via the Internet. The followings are the achievement of this research.
1. Development of Automatic Keyword Searching System
This system automatically searches keywords from database on a network. Users can register his keywords to the system. when the system find the information which matches user's keywords, it is informed via E-mail to the user.
2. Database on Educational Technology
Information database on educational technology was created. This database has information on papers and technical reports from Japan Society for Educational Technology and Joint Conference on Education Technology. Information is offered via the Internet, and users can search information by keywords and author's name using WWW browser.
3. Development of Performance Support Leaning System
Performance support learning system on Electro Magnetic Compatibility was developed and evaluated. It was designed as client-server system. User interface is WWW browser. This system has many interactive functions such as showing animation, drawing graphs, searching, and indexing keywords. These function are implemented as Java applets. The overall evaluation was high especially on interactive function.
Finally, all the above results are generalized to provide information on education technology via network.

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The aim of this research involves evaluation of refresher distance education by satellite and a development of a feedback system. The followings are the achievement of this research.
1.Survey of national Technological University (NTU) National Technological University (U.S.A) has been delivering both academic graduate programs leading to Master of Sience degrees and noncredit, continuing education short courses to the workplace by satellite since 1985.
2.Development of the Feedback System
For distance education by satellite, a feedback system is very important, by which teacher can accept questions and opinions from students of distance site. We developed the feedback system via the Internet. Interface of a student is WWW browser. Every student can send a response to a teacher by clicking a bottom.
3.Evaluation of Two Different Delivery Systems
Two differnt delivery systems for distance education by satellite were evaluated by same questionnaire respectively. Two delivery systems are an analog video transmission systems and a 1.5Mbps digital compressd video transmisson system. The overall evaluation in the analog system was significantly higher than that in the digital system. Factor analysis was conducted to extract 6 factors (image quality, presence, Q&A communication, time schedule, content and audio) from 25 questionnaire items. By multiple regression analysis, the image quality and the presence were significantly effective to overall evaluation.
Finally, all the above results are generalized to obtain the information on the refresher distance education by satellite.

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Grant amount：\1900000 （ Direct Cost: \1900000 ）

The aim of this research involves the re-arrangement of the definition of the educational multimedia, its well-suited contents and applications, and the quantitive measurement of the efficiency of learning with multimedia. The followings are the achievments of this research.
(1) Survey of Advanced Usage of MultiMedia in the United States
The successfully-used examples of multimedia education and the techniques to improve educational efficiency are surveyed in the United States, as an advanced nation of multimedia education.
(2) Learning Efficiency Measurement using CD-ROM-Based Dictionary
The electronic dictionary (CD-ROM-based dictionary) and the conventional dictionary are compared in terms of the learning efficiency, when learning the English words with them.
(3) Presentation and Learning Efficiency of 3-Dimensional Display
The relationship between the floating height of character and the readability are investigated, when 3-D display is used for character presentation.
(4) Presentation Efficiency by using HDTV
The advantage of HDTV display is investigated in comparison with the conventional NTSC display, in terms of the learners' recognition time when the mental-rotation task is given to learners via each display. As a result, the recognition time with HDTV presented smaller value than with NTSC with meaningful significance, especially when the presented figures are complicated.
Finally, all the above results are generalized to obtain the information on the learning efficiency of multimedia education.

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Grant amount：\1100000 （ Direct Cost: \1100000 ）

本研究では、生体情報として瞳孔面積、瞬目率を利用し、テレビ番組を客観的に評価する手法を開発すると共に、一般的に行われる質問紙による主観評価の結果との比較を行い、客観的評価の妥当性を検討することである。
本年度の研究において、まず、主観的な評価手法を開発した。一般的に用いられる質問紙法では、番組全体に対するイメージの調査だけで、時系列的な評価ができない。瞳孔面積や瞬目率は時系列的に測定可能であるので、客観的指標と主観的な指標との対応関係を調べるために、人力装置を開発した。装置は、ゲーム樹などに用いられるアナログ入力装置を改造して利用した。これらの実験装置を用いて7番組を実験番組として被験者に提示し、測定結果から以下の結果を得た。
(1)番組全体に対する瞳孔面積、瞬目率、時系列的な主観評価量を比較したところ、瞳孔面積と主観評価量との間には、正の相関関係が、瞳孔面積と瞬目率、瞬目率と主観評価量との間には負の相関係数が得られ、いずれも有意な相関関係があることがわかった。
(2)番組に対する質問紙によって、番組イメージを測定し、項目を因子分析することによって、3つの評価因子を抽出した。それぞれの因子得点と瞳孔面積、瞬目率、時系列的な主観量との関連を検討した結果、相関関係が認めらる因子の存在が確認された。
(3)時系列的な測定量である、瞳孔面積、瞬目率、主観評価量の3者の関係を明確化するために、モデル化の可能性を検討した。重回帰モデルとニューラルネットワークモデルによってモデル化の可能性とその性能を検討した。
さらに、今年度に得られた成果を総括し、今後の課題を整理した。

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Grant amount：\4700000 （ Direct Cost: \4700000 ）

(1) The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the outline on learning. It was found that the outline was an effective tool for short-term learning. The degree of effectiveness, however, depends on learners' characteristics and teaching materials, it is necessary to take them into consideration when we design texts.
(2) Two types of reading--sequential and random access--were found in this research. Which access a learner chooses depends on the text type, either the outline type or the normal type.
(3) We proposed two types of presentation of text structure :
Type 1 : Structuring text in chronological order. It was found that structuring process itself gave learners positive learning effects.
Type 2 : We developed an algorithm which enable us recognize text with ease.
(4) We developed a graphical presentation of discussion process. Based on the hierarchical presentation method already exits, we develop it so that we can access on the Net.
(5) We evaluated the system by comparing summary passages written by a human and by the system. We found that the passages summarized by the system have the same quality as the ones written by the person.

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Grant amount：\8600000 （ Direct Cost: \8600000 ）

The aim of this research is to develop the PSLS (Performance Support Learning System) and to write coursewares on it, which will enable public technologists on the job to easily to into the learning environment as occasion demands.
In 1995, which was the last fiscal year of the project, we developed a PSLS and evaluated it by using the knowledges obtained so far. Especially, as the recent progress of the internet is remarkable, it was considered to be advantageous to build the PSLS as a network-based system rather than a stand-alone system, which will improve the accessibility to the system.
The "Fundamental and Countermeasure for Electromagnetic Disturbance" was chosen for the courseware of the PSLS.Followings are the obtained results through the development of the system :
(1) The PSLS for the "Fundamental and Countermeasure for Electromagnetic Disturbance" was implemented on the interenet, and enabled the access from anywhere on the internet. One only have to have the browser to access the system.
(2) In order for the effective use by any learner, the learning courses were provided. It is product of the analysis and structurization of the learning material, and apparently shown to learners so as to make the learning process effective.
(3) Some useful functions were implemented to the system, such as numerical calculation function, graphics function, video function and keyword search function.
(4) As a result of the evaluation experiment, the following features were highly rated : the learning course and numerical calculation function. To the contrary, the rating for the graphics function and the keyword search function were low, and further improvement was suggested.
These results clearly show the effectiveness of network-type PSLS and its problems.

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Grant amount：\10500000 （ Direct Cost: \10500000 ）

The aim of this research is to perform the experiments on communication-satellite-based distant education system, to deliver the engineer-oriented educational programs to private companies, and to make their evaluation from students'reponses.
In 1993, a debate classroom experiment was made under the co-operation of Harvard University Business School where debate is commonly used. In 1994, further evaluation of the experiment was performed. In addtion, we investigated the information-delivery system for refresh education, and had the following conclusions :
1. The actual classroom was delivered by Prof.J.Heskett from Boston to Tokyo (T.I.T.), and its effectiveness was confirmed.
2. A new method was developed for the evaluation of audio and video delay at the international satellite commuication.
3. The recorded classroom was analyzed to extract 5 dominant factors. 63 percents of students chose the debate classroom as a preferable one.
4. The computer-based conversation-analysis system was developed for the evaluation purpose of the debate classroom, and its effectiveness was confirmed.
5. An information detabase system suitable for refresh education was newly developed by using Internet link. Two types of system were effectively developed for different cases.

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Grant amount：\1100000 （ Direct Cost: \1100000 ）

複雑な図形などを立体提示することによって、視覚認識が容易になるため、教育的にも有効である。本研究では、図形を立体テレビで3次元提示することにより、通常テレビの2次元提示の場合よりも視覚認識が容易であることを定量的に明らかにすることを目的とした。視覚認識の容易さを、2つの提示図形の異同判別に要する判断時間で、評価する方法で研究を行なった。以下に、本研究で得られた成果を示す。
(1)提示パターン用の3次元CG(コンピュータグラフィックス)による図形の表示と回転を行なう、プログラムとNTSC映像を作成した。
(2)図形提示から図形の異同を判断する判断時間を1/l00秒の精度で測定するシステムを作成した。
(3)判断時間を測定したところ、奥行回転、平面回転とも、3次元で表示した方が、判断時間は1%水準で有意に短くなることがわかった。
(4)2次元と3次元で提示する順序が、表示効果に影響を与えたが、これは、3欠元表示による効果と提示順による慣れの効果に起因することがわかった。
(5)表示した次元による判断時間の差は、回転後の図形のイメージ化に掛かる時間であることがわかった。
図形の回転方同による判断時間の違いなども示されたが、これらは残された課題であることを示した。

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Grant amount：\14500000 （ Direct Cost: \14500000 ）

Research results are summarized as follow.
(1) A new method for structuring CAI courseware was established. which was formulated using methematical graph theory.
(2) Various algorythms for structuring method were researched and these algorythms were compared, after that the effective algorythm was implemented into computer.
(3) Instructional design for CAI courseware was established, which reflects characteristic teaching strategies and tactics corresponding to subjects such as sciences, mathematics et al.
(4) Our structuring method called as AK method can be applied to other effective in text map display.
It was summarized that a structuring method named as AK method and CAI courseware design based on AK method were established. Our design is original on the point of computer assisted design with comparison of other design such as Reigeluth's or Merrill's instructional design.

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Grant amount：\4800000 （ Direct Cost: \4800000 ）

Biological data are important for the qualitative evaluation of educational presentation and the learner's motivation. In this study, measurement of eye pupil size and brain wave were simultaneously employed and analyzed.
A special electromagnetic shielding room was designed with a window of optically transparent shielding glass to attenuate the electrical noise of television during the visual presentation.
Band power from 9Hz to 11Hz of the brain wave and eye pupil size showed a close correlation when different types of visual patterns were presented to a experiment subject.
Since eye pupil size changes by brightness and psychological effect such as interest or motivation, the method of removing the brightness effect was developed in order to measure only learner's motivation. For this purpose, neural network model was employed for including the non liner change of eye pupil size.
Finally it was found that brain wave and eye pupil size were very effective to measure the learner's motivation for visual presentation.

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Grant amount：\7200000 （ Direct Cost: \7200000 ）

Life long learning is very important for us in advanced information society because knowledge and skills. which we should learn, must be always changing. Since Multi-media type of CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) is one of the powerful learning system, the development and evaluation of CAI course ware for engineers are the objective of this study.
The concept of the CAI system and course ware were confirmed and electro-magnetic compatibility field were selected for course ware development, because there is few educational opportunities at university even though is became very important in industries.
The CAI course ware were developed by Guide3 authoring system in MS-Windows (Ver.3) environment. the learner can take course ware by visual moving picture from video disk if he want, or he can compute the frequency characteristics of reflection coefficient by employing FORTRAN program during learning. He can also obtain the special explanation or advises if he hit the hot point of the screen when it is hard to understand the presentations. These hyper text type of presentation was every effective for the learners. This CAI system and course ware, which we call the performance support system, must be useful for engineers in electro-magnetic compatibility field.

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