Organization
Professional Graduate School Graduate School of Governance Studies Professor
Title
Professor
Homepage
External link
Degree
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MA in Economics ( Yokohama National University )
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MA in Economics ( University of Essex )
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PhD in Economics ( University of Essex )
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BA in Economics ( Chuo University )
Research Interests
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General Theory of Economics Public Finance
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Social Security
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Ageing population
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and Money and Banking
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経済理論 財政学・金融論
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Public Economics
Research Areas
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Humanities & social sciences / Theoretical economics
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Humanities & social sciences / Public economics, labor economics
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Humanities & social sciences / Money and finance
Education
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University of Essex Department of Economics Economics
- 2000
Country/Region： United Kingdom
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University of Essex Graduate School, Division of Economics Economics
- 2000
Country/Region： United Kingdom
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University of Essex Department of Economics Economics
- 1995
Country/Region： United Kingdom
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Osaka University
- 1992
Country/Region： Japan
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Yokohama National University
- 1990
Country/Region： Japan
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Chuo University Faculty of Economics Department of Economics
- 1986
Country/Region： Japan
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Chuo University Faculty of Economics
- 1986
Research History
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Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies Professor
2018.4
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International University of Japan (IUJ) Graduate School of International Relations Professor
2004.4 - 2018.3
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ロンドン大学イムペリアル校経営大学院 上級客員研究員
2001 - 2002
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: Visiting Senior Research Fellow, Management School, Imperial College, the University of London, UK
2001 - 2002
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Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan
1999 - 2001
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: Visiting Research Fellow, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan
1999 - 2001
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経済企画庁経済研究所 客員研究員（併任）
1997 - 1998
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: Visiting Research Fellow, Econommic Research Institute, Economic Planning Agency of Japan
1997 - 1998
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Shiga University Faculty of Economics
1992.4 - 2004.3
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: Faculty of Economics, Shiga University
1992.4 - 2004.3
Professional Memberships
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International Health Economics Association
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Health Economics Study Group in England (HESG)
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JAPANESE ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION
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日本財政学会
Papers
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A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Japanese Economy and the Effect of the Government Policy Reviewed
Ryuta Ray Kato
63 ( 1 ) 1 - 29 2024.10
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Population aging and labor mobility in Japan Reviewed
Ryuta Ray Kato
Japan and the World Economy 62 101130 - 101130 2022.6
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The future prospect of the long-term care insurance in Japan Reviewed
Ryuta Ray Kato
Japan and the World Economy 47 1 - 17 2018
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Does More Female Labor Supply Really Save a Graying Japan?
KATO Ryuta Ray
Economics & Management Series of Working Paper, International University of Japan EMS ( 2017-4 ) 1 - 107 2017.9
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Elderly Care, Child Care, and Labor Supply in an Aging Japan,
KATO Ryuta Ray
Economics & Management Series of Working Paper, International University of Japan EMS ( 2016-13 ) 2016.11
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Remittances and Brain Drain in Ghana: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach Reviewed
KATO Ryuta Ray
Journal of Economics and Political Economy 3 ( 2 ) 211 - 241 2016.6
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Remittances and the Redistributive Policy in Ghana: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach Reviewed
KATO Ryuta Ray
Review of Economics & Finance 6 ( 2 ) 2016.5
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Effects of Fiscal Stimulus on the Labor Market Invited
KATO Ryuta Ray
Public Policy Review 11 ( 2 ) 277 - 302 2015.4
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The Impact of Remittances and the Tax Policy in Ghana: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach Reviewed
Isaac Dadson, Ryuta Ray Kato
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ASIAN STUDIES 2015 20 - 20 2015
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The impacts of fiscal policies on the labor market Invited
KATO Ryuta Ray
120 ( 4 ) 45 - 67 2014.9
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Regulated medical fee schedule of the Japanese health care system Reviewed
Makoto Kakinaka, Ryuta Ray Kato
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FINANCE & ECONOMICS 13 ( 3-4 ) 301 - 317 2013.12
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Fiscal stimulus and labor market dynamics in Japan Reviewed
Ryuta Ray Kato, Hiroaki Miyamoto
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 30 33 - 58 2013.12
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The Impact of Marginal Tax Reforms on the Supply of Health Related Services in Japan Reviewed
KATO Ryuta Ray
The Japanese Journal of Social Security Policy 9 ( 1 ) 1 - 32 2012
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Health insurance reform and economic growth: Simulation analysis in Japan Reviewed
Toshihiro Ihori, Ryuta Ray Kato, Masumi Kawade, Shun-ichiro Bessho
JAPAN AND THE WORLD ECONOMY 23 ( 4 ) 227 - 239 2011.12
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Unpaid Work of Hospital-Employed Physicians and Medical Services in Japan Reviewed
Kato, R R, M Kakinaka
Quarterly Of Social Security Research 46 ( 2 ) 164 - 175 2010
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The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Cambodia Reviewed
Khin, P, R R Kato
Economics Bulletin 30 ( 3 ) 2346 - 2370 2010
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日本における病院勤務医の過剰労働と医療サービス Reviewed
加藤竜太, 柿中真
季刊社会保障研究 46 ( 2 ) 164 - 175 2010
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Public Debt and Economic Growth in an Aging Japan Reviewed
Toshihiro Ihori, Ryuta Ray Kato, Masumi Kawade, Shun-ichiro Bessho
Tackling Japan's Fiscal Challenges 30 2006
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Government deficit, public investment, and public capital in the transition to an aging Japan Reviewed
RR Kato
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIES 16 ( 4 ) 462 - 491 2002.12
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Transition to an aging Japan: Public pension, savings, and capital taxation Reviewed
R Kato
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIES 12 ( 3 ) 204 - 231 1998.9
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わが国における私的寄附と税制 Reviewed
季刊 社会保障研究 32 1996
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Public Pension and an Aging Population Reviewed
Review of Social Policy 2 1 - 10 1993
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人口高齢化と公的年金 (社会保障の経済分析<特集>) Reviewed
岩本 康志, 加藤 竜太, 日高 政浩
季刊社会保障研究 27 ( 3 ) p285 - 294 1991.12
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Public Pensions and an Aging Population
The Quarterly of Social Security Research 27 ( 3 ) 3 1991
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<ARTICLES>Social Security and Existence of Annuity Market Equilibrium
Kato Ryuta, Kurasawa Motonari
Economia 98 98 - 31 1988
Books
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The Political Economy of Fiscal Consolidation in Japan
KATO Ryuta Ray（ Role： Joint authorChapter 3: Female Labor Supply, Social Security, and Fiscal Consolidation）
Springer 2015.1
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A Course in Public Economics: From Theory to Policy
KATO Ryuta Ray（ Role： Joint authorChapter 10: Health and Eldery Care）
Yuhikaku 2014.6
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新たなリスクと社会保障
加藤 竜太（ Role： Contributor医療・介護分野への資源配分はどのくらい経済効果をもたらすか）
東京大学出版会 2012
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日本財政破綻回避への戦略 （第2章）
日本経済新聞社 2007
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Tackling Japan's Fiscal Challenges: Strategies to Cope with High Public Debt and Population Aging (Chapter 3)
Palgrave 2006
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Tackling Japan's Fiscal Challenges: Strategies to Cope with High Public Debt and Population Aging (Chapter 3)
Palgrave 2006
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わが国の財政赤字と将来負担ー部門別社会資本を考慮した長期推計 （第6章）
財政赤字の経済分析、岩波書店 2004
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Economic Analysis of Government Deficits (Chapter 6)
Iwanami-Shoten 2004
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Government Deficit and Fiscal Reform in Japan (Chapter 5)
Kluwer Academic Publisher 2002
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Government Deficit and Fiscal Reform in Japan (Chapter 5)
Kluwer Academic Publisher 2002
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Thress Essays in Health Economics: Uncertainty and the Public Health Policy
PhD dissertation, University of Essex, UK 2000
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Thress Essays in Health Economics: Uncertainty and the Public Health Policy
PhD dissertation, University of Essex, UK 2000
MISC
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Fiscal Stimulus in an Endogenous Job Separation Model
KATO Ryuta Ray
Economics and Management Working Paper Series, IUJ Research Institute EMS-2013-02 1 - 28 2013
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Fiscal Stimulus and Labor Market Dynamics in Japan
KATO Ryuta Ray
Economics and Management Working Paper Series, IUJ Research Institute, EMS-2012-19, 1 - 29 2012
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Should Indonesia Suffer from More Reduction of the Subsidy to the Petroleum Sector?
KATO Ryuta Ray
Economics and Management Working Paper Series, IUJ Research Institute EMS-2011-25, 1,1 - 44 2011
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The Reform of the Public Health Insurance and Economic Growth of Japan
Ihori, T, R R Kato, M Kawade, S Bessho
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EAP09-6 1 - 45 2009
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Spousal Tax Deduction, Social Security System and the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women
Takahashi, S, M Kawade, R R Kato
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EAP09-7 1 - 32 2009
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The Reform of the Public Health Insurance and Economic Growth of Japan
Ihori Toshihiro, Kato Ryuta Ray, Kawade Masumi, Bessho Shun-ichiro
Economic analysis & policy series EAP09-6 1 - 45 2009
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Trade Liberalization of the Fishery Industry of Japan
Mohiuddin, and Kato
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EDP09-1 2009
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Future Prospects of the Garment Industry of Cambodia
Sak Sambath, Kato Ryuta Ray
Economic development & policy series EDP09-2 1 - 76 2009
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Future Prespects of the Garment Industry of Cambodia
Sambath, and Kato
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EDP09-2 1 - 76 2009
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Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women: Sensitivity Analysis and a New Estimate
Takahashi, S, M Kawade, R R Kato
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EAP09-5 2009
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Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women : Sensitivity Analysis and a New Estimate
Takahashi Shingo, Kawade Masumi, Kato Ryuta Ray
Economic analysis & policy series EAP09-5 1 - 43 2009
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Spousal Tax Deduction, Social Security System and the Labor Supply of Japanese Married Women
Takahashi Shingo, Kawade Masumi, Kato Ryuta Ray
Economic analysis & policy series EAP09-7 1 - 32 2009
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Trade Liberalization of the Fishery Industry of Japan
Mohiuddin, and Kato
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EDP09-1 1 - 38 2009
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日本における病院勤務医の行動と医療供給制度
加藤, 柿中
CRR Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University J-5 2008
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Intrinsic Motivation of Physicians
Kakinaka Makoto, Kato Ryuta Ray
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EAP08-1 1 - 28 2008
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Behavioral Difference in the Self-Employed Physician and the Hospital-Employed Physician in Japan
Kato, R R, M Kakinaka
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EAP08-3 2008
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Intrinsic Motivation of Physicians
Kakinaka Makoto, Kato Ryuta Ray
Economic analysis & policy series EAP08-1 1 - 28 2008
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Behavioral Difference in the Self-Employed Physician and the Hospital-Employed Physician in Japan
Kato, R R, M Kakinaka
GSIR Working Paper Series, GSIR, International University of Japan EAP08-3 2008
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Public Dabt and Economic Growth in an Aging Japan
Ihori Toshihiro, Kato Ryuta Ray, Kawade Masumi, Bessho Shun-ichiro
Economic development & policy series 6 1 - 34 2006.9
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Public Capital and Government Deficits in an Aging Japan: Simulation Analysis
Kato, R R, M Kawade, S Bessho
CRR Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University A-5 2005
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Public Capital and Government Deficits in an Aging Japan: Simulation Analysis
Kato, R R, M Kawade, S Bessho
CRR Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University A-5 2005
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高齢化社会における社会資本-部門別社会資本を考慮した長期推計
ESRI Discussion Paper series, 内閣府経済社会総合研究所 64 2003
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Public Capital in an Aging Japan: The Long-Run Estimate in a CGE Model
Kato, R R, M Kawade, S Bessho
ESRI Discussion Paper, Cabinet Office of Japan 64 2003
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高齢化社会における財政赤字・公共投資・社会資本
財政赤字と経済活動、経済分析 内閣府経済社会総合研究所 ( 163 ) 7 - 70 2002
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Government Deficits, Public Investment, and Public Capital in an Aging Japan
Kato, R R
Keizai Bunseki 163 7 - 70 2002
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Government Deficits in an Aging Japan
Kato, Ryuta Ray
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 70 2000
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An Aging Japan and Government Deficits
Kato, R R
Keizai Bunseki Shiten Series 16 2000
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Human Capital Uncertainty and Optimal Public Health Policy
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 71 2000
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Government Deficits in an Aging Japan
Kato, Ryuta Ray
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 70 2000
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我が国の高齢化移行と財政赤字
財政赤字の経済分析、 経済分析 視点シリ-ズ 経済企画庁経済研究所 ( 16 ) 2000
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Human Capital Uncertainty and Optimal Public Health Policy
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 71 2000
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Medical Doctors and Patients in a Two-Sided Search Model
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 61 1999
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In Case of Uncertain Health Level, When Does the Individual Decide to See a Doctor?
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 65 1999
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国民医療費と医療経済学
医療・介護・年金の各システムが経済活動に与える影響に関する調査研究 医療経済機構 1999
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医師・患者の行動と公的医療保険
医療・介護・年金の各システムが経済活動に与える影響に関する調査研究 医療経済機構 1999
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In Case of Uncertain Health Level, When Does the Individual Decide to See a Doctor?
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 65 1999
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Medical Doctors and Patients in a Two-Sided Search Model
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 61 1999
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寿命の不確実性と最適医療保険制度
経済と社会保障に関する研究 医療経済機構 1998
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「無限期間」動学的最適化問題について
彦根論叢 滋賀大学経済学部 311 1998
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Social Security and Long-Run Growth
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 46 1997
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Social Security and Long-Run Growth
Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 46 1997
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The Economic Relationship and Unit Roots in Chile
Kato Ryuta
The Annals of human and social sciences, Faculty of Economics Shiga University 3 215 - 235 1996
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The Economic Relationship and Unit Roots in Chile
Annual Report, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 3 1996
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The Economic Relationship and Unit Roots in Chile
Annual Report, Shiga University 3 1996
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Economic Effects of Taxation on Charitable Activities
Hikone Ronso, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 292 1995
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Social Security in the Transition to Aging Japan
KATO Ryuta
The Journal of economics 35 ( 5 ) 125 - 152 1995
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Economic Effects of Taxation on Charitable Activities
Hikone Ronso, Faculty of Economics, Shiga University 292 1995
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Public Pension Scheme on the Transition to an Aging Japan: Savings, Capital Accumulation, and Welfare
Kato, R R
Keizaigaku Ronsan, Chuo University 35 1995
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高齢化社会における貯蓄と税制
帝塚山大学ディスカッション・ペーパー J-32 J-035 1993
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Savings and Taxation in an Aging Society
Tezukayama University Discussion Paper J-32 J-035 1993
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点数制度と医療供給
高齢化と医療 社会福祉保険協会 1992
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高齢化社会に於ける税制比較〜開放体系モデルによるシミュレーション〜
彦根論叢 279 - 280 1992
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わが国の医療需要と医療負担
彦根論叢 滋賀大学経済学部 278 278 1992
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The Medical Care System and Supply of Medical Care in Japan
Koreika to Iryo 1992
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The Demand for Health Care in Japan and The Burden of Health Care of the Japanese Society
Kato Ryuta
THE HIKONE RONSO 278 278 - 92 1992
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Taxation in an Aging Japan 〜Simulation Analysis in Open Economy〜
THE HIKONE RONSO 279 - 280 1992
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The Aging Population and the Trade Balance
HIDAKA Masahiro, KATO Ryuta
Osaka Daigaku keizaigaku = The Economic review of Osaka University 41 ( 1 ) 1 - 58 1991
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The Aging Population and the Trade Balance
HIDAKA Masahiro, KATO Ryuta
OSAKA ECONOMIC PAPERS 41 ( 1 ) 43 - 58 1991
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Social Security and Existence of Annuity Market Equilibrium
Kato Ryuta, Kurasawa Motonari
Economia 98 98 - 31 1988
Presentations
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Elderly Care, Child Care, and Labor Supply in an Aging Japan International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
UC Irvine 13th Conference, US Irvine, USA 2017.2
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Female Labor Supply, Social Security, and Fiscal Consolidation International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
UC Irvine 10th Conference, US Irvine, USA 2014.2
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Fiscal Stimulus in an Endogenous Job Separation Model International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
UC Irvine 9th Conference, US Irvine, USA 2013.2
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The Impact of Marginal Tax Reforms on the Supply of Health Related Services in Japan International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
Japan-Korea Session in the annual conference of Korea Association of Public Finance, Yeosu, South Korea 2012.9
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Taxation, transfers, and subsidies for medical service sector and the pharmaceutical industry: a computable general equilibrium approach International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
Japan-Taiwan Workshop on Public Economics, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 2010.5
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Price Regulation and Choice of Medical Service: The Case of the Japanese Health Care System International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
UC Irvine Conference, US Irvine, USA 2009.3
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Public Debt and Economic Growth in an Aging Japan International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
IMF=MOF of Japan joint conference on Japan’s Long-Term Fiscal Challenges, Tokyo Japan 2005.6
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Public Capital and Government Deficits in an Aging Japan: Simulation Analysis Invited International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
Public Finance Association of South Korea, Seoul, South Korea 2005.3
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Aging Population, Government Deficits, and Public Capital in Japan International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
14th ANNUAL NBER-CEPR-TCER CONFERENCE, Tokyo Japan 2001.12
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Japanese Economy: Government Deficits and an Ageing Population in Japan Invited International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
London Business School, London, UK 2001.10
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Government Deficits in the Transition to an Aging Japan International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
Yale University Technical Workshop, New Haven, USA 2000.12
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Government Deficits and Public Capital in an Overlapping Generations Model International conference
KATO Ryuta Ray
Technical Forum of Overlapping Generations Simulation Models, Helsinki, Finland 2000.9
Works
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公立病院経営の実態
2000
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川崎市財政運営基礎調査
1994
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高齢化社会の経済分析
1994
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大津市の財政
1994
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大津市中期財政計画
1992
Research Projects
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Grant number：15K03525 2015 - 2017
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Kato Ryuta Ray
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\4550000 （ Direct Cost: \3500000 、 Indirect Cost：\1050000 ）
Complete elimination of females' time costs of both child-rearing and elderly care induces a 2 % increase in potential labor force and a 1% increase in the total GDP. If a gender gap in wage profiles completely vanishes, then the total GDP eventually expands by approximately 4 %. The replacement rate of the public pension scheme would become less than 50% from year 2039 even under that assumption that the accumulated pension fund is going to be used up completely by year 2115. Population aging leaves more burdens on the LTCI. In the next about forty years, the burdens on the first group (age 65 and over) and the second group (age 40 to 64) become more than 1.7 times and more than 2.7 times as much, respectively.
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Grant number：24530370 2012 - 2014
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
KATO RYUTA RAY
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\5200000 （ Direct Cost: \4000000 、 Indirect Cost：\1200000 ）
The purpose of this research was to develop a computable general equilibrium model with the actual structure of the Japanese economy in an aging population, and then to explore the impact of the marginal tax reforms on the Japanese economy as well as of a pracitcal examination of the optimal taxation theory.
Then we had several resutls as follows: Under the assumption that there is unemployment with friction in the labor market in Japan, the marginal tax reform could reduce unemployment and increase the number of job opportunities. Furthermore, we could successfully trace the actual historical trend of labor market with several shocks within our model. -
Grant number：21530317 2009 - 2011
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(基盤研究(C)) 基盤研究(C)
Ryuta KATO, 川出 真澄, Masumi KAWADE
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\4550000 （ Direct Cost: \3500000 、 Indirect Cost：\1050000 ）
When the balanced budget is not considered, a further increase in the subsidy to the hospital sector would result in the highest welfare. However, on the other hand, if the government budget has to be balanced, then such an expansion policy does not result in the same best outcome. Indeed, a subsidy cut to the hospital sector reversely eventuates in the highest welfare, when the budget surplus generated by the subsidy cut is used to increase the subsidy to the social welfare sector.
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Grant number：19530294 2007 - 2008
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(基盤研究(C)) 基盤研究(C)
Ryuta KATO, 高橋 新吾, Masumi KAWADE, Shingo TAKAHASHI
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\4550000 （ Direct Cost: \3500000 、 Indirect Cost：\1050000 ）
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Economic Analysis of Fundamental Issues in the Existing Public Health services in Japan
Grant number：17530175 2005 - 2006
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(基盤研究(C)) 基盤研究(C)
Ryuta KATO
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\3300000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 ）
In this research project, the fundamental issues in the current public health services have been explored in economics. The effect of an aging population of Japan on the future public medical expenditure under the current public health services system has also been studied by using a simulation method. The following points are particularly important : First of all, under the current fee-for-services, the current supply-side cost sharing system results in over-dosing of medicine and over-giving of medical treatment. Secondly, although it is usually recognized that a positive difference in prices of medicine between the legitimately fixed price and the actual purchasing price from pharmaceutical companies, which is so called "yakka-saeki", induces over-dosing of medicine, this research has shown that the current fee-for-service system itself induces over-dosing of medicine even without the "yakka-saeki". Thirdly, it has also shown that the current fee-for-service induces under-provision of labor supply of self-employed medical physicians with over-dosing of medicine. Fourthly, in terms of hospital employed medical physicians, it has shown that there is a possibility that over-supply of labor by hospital employed medical physicians would happen. The condition of the over-supply of labor depends upon several conditions, and it has shown that there is a possible situation that the reform of the trainee system of medical physicians resulted in the over-supply of labor of the hospital employed medical physician. Since it is likely to result in more risks in medical supply with over-working of hospital employed medical physicians, the reform of the trainee system would induce higher risks in medical supply in Japan. In terms of the effect of an aging population on the national medical expenditure, the ratio of the expenditure to GDP (the GDP ratio) will keep increasing by 1% for the next 10 years, resulting the ratio to be 9.6% in year 2050. In the simulations of an increase in the co-payment rate from 15% to 20% and 30%, it has been found that the national burden ratio would slightly decrease. Since the increase in the co-payment rate induces an increase in precautionary savings due to the reason that the individuals' medical expenditure when they get old would increase, the increase in the co-payment rate results in higher economic growth. If the co-payment increases from 15% to 20%, then the national burden ratio would decrease by 1% in a new steady state, and if the co-payment rate increases to 30%, then the national burden ratio would decrease by 3% in a new steady state.
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Simulation Analysis of the Public Health Insurance in an Aging Japan with asymmetric Information
Grant number：15530156 2003 - 2004
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(基盤研究(C)) 基盤研究(C)
Ryuta Ray KATO
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\3300000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 ）
This project has examined the effects of the demographic change and the government debt policy in Japan on economic growth and economic welfare, particularly by taking into account the existing public pension scheme as well as national medical expenditure through the existing public health insurance, where a computational overlapping generations model is used within a general equilibrium context. One of the main results of this project is that the tax burden (GDP) ratio will increase up to about 36%, and the social security burden (GDP) ratio will increase up to 23.3% in 2050, even though the government tries to have a positive primary balance by 2010. The ratio of public health insurance benefits to GDP is expected to increase at 1% every 10 years, and the ratio will be around 9.6% in 2050. The 2004 public pension reform will successfully result in a 13 point decrease in the contribution rate from 36.44% to 23.53%, and reduce the social security burden (GDP) ratio by about 8 points from 23.27% to 15.02% in 2050, compared with the benchmark case.
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高齢化社会をふまえた公的医療保険制度ならびに医療の経済学的分析
Grant number：10730039 1998 - 1999
文部科学省 科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A)) 奨励研究(A)
加藤 竜太
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\1600000 （ Direct Cost: \1600000 ）
平成10年度に構築された理論モデルを拡張して、我が国の高齢化社会を踏まえた公的医療供給の実証分析・シミュレーション分析に耐えうる基本的モデル分析を行った。方法としては、昨年夏に行った在外研究(英国エセックス大学)での研究成果をふまえ、その後の理論モデルの拡張と、実証研究への橋渡しである。この実証研究はフォートラン言語によるプログラム作成をも含んでいる。内容的には、配分の問題を最適医療供給という観点から分析した。その場合、以下の点について得に留意しながら、研究を行った。第(1)に、健康状態に起因する不確実性のために所得水準が不確定になる点に留意し、第(2)に、危険回避的な個人にとっては所得に依存する歪みのある所得税が一概にも定額拠出金に対して劣っているとはいえない事実を認識した。特に第(2)に関しては、日常的医療(日々の健康状態に影響する)、あるいは緊急的、重大的医療(救急医療、高額医療等、生命の危険に重要な医療供給)のどちらを相対的に公的に支持すべきかの制度内配分の問題の重要性を意識したからである。そこでの結論は、すでにある程度の公的医療供給を行っている我が国では、医療政策を公的に支持することが最適であることである。これらの研究は、今現在未発表ではあるものの、「In Case of Uncertain Health Level,When Does the Individual Decide to See a Doctor」,Shiga University Working Paper No.65,Shiga University(1999),Japan,ならびに、「Human Capital Uncertainty and Optimal Public Health Policy」,mimeo(2000)としてまとめられている。
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高齢化社会をふまえた医療及び資産に対する税制の理論的・実証的分析
Grant number：05730041 1993
文部科学省 科学研究費補助金(奨励研究(A)) 奨励研究(A)
加藤 竜太
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
Grant amount：\900000 （ Direct Cost: \900000 ）
1.データ収集・加工・入力に関しては、厚生省を中心とした各省庁からのデータを収集した。データの時系列的不備、並びに収集方法の一貫性の不完全から、予想以上に時間と労力を費やしたが、最終的には経済分析に耐えうる貴重なデータを作成することができた。医療を分析するための経済理論的フレームワークを今後検証する上では、重要な意味を持つと考えられる。2.数量分析(回帰分析等)については、これらのデータをもとに医療の需要・供給に関する幾つかの結果を得ることができた。医療需要に関しては、第一に、経済全体でみれば国民医療費の対民間最終消費支出比率は今後も増加傾向にあるものの、これを家計レヴェルからみれば、必ずしも家計の消費支出に対する保健医療負担は増加していない点が指摘される。第二に、経済全体での医療費の増大は、高齢化の進展と高額医療の発達・普及によるところが大きい点が指摘されたことである。第三に、各家計は医療価格の上昇に対して、医療サ-ヴィスの購入量を減少させるなど、医療価格の変化に対してかなりの程度まで弾力的である点である。これは各家計は経済合理的に行動している一つの現れとも考えられる。一方、医療供給に関しては、従来の経済理論分析を基礎にして、医療価格(ここでは診療行為別の点数)、医療供給に関する費用(ここでは医師・看護婦・薬剤師等の労働を需要するための費用としてそれぞれの賃金率を考えた)がどのように医療供給に影響を与えるかを考えた。そこでは、診療行為は点数の上昇とともに増加し、賃金の上昇とともに減少することが示された。この結果は医療供給、あるいは病院は医療の質よりもむしろ利潤を追求する動機が強いことを示していると考えることができる。
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医療の経済分析
Grant type：Competitive
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財政赤字の経済分析
Grant type：Competitive
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Economic Analysis on an Aging Population
Grant type：Competitive
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Economic Analysis of Health
Grant type：Competitive
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Economic Analysis of Government Deficits
Grant type：Competitive
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高齢化社会の経済分析
Grant type：Competitive
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