担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-97-1860-3_13

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Drones, unmanned aerial systems, are of growing interest to organizations involved in disaster risk reduction, particularly in post-disaster emergency response. Despite the potential benefits of drones, their use is not well established and practical challenges need to be understood. This study examines the role of drones in disaster management by analyzing various applications of drones in response to the Noto Peninsula earthquake in January 2024. Drones were used on the ground in a variety of new ways, including transport of emergency supplies, restore of cellphone communications, and inspect on damaged facilities. Several issues were identified, including the need to incorporate drone capabilities into disaster management plans, develop appropriate laws and regulations, establish public-private coordination mechanisms, address technological limitations due to advances in technology, and implement training programs specifically for drone operators. Collaboration among government agencies, private organizations, and industry associations in disaster response highlighted the importance of fostering partnerships and mobilizing collective expertise in disaster management. The study concludes by highlighting the important role that drones can play in enhancing emergency response efforts and mitigating the impact of future disasters.

添付ファイル： 24 10 Drone Noto.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100348

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担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 24 04 sustainability urban development.pdf

DOI： 10.3390/su16093586

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 24 04 Investment piahs-386-87-2024.pdf

DOI： 10.5194/PIAHS-386-87-2024

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Edward Elgar Publishing  

DOI： 10.4337/9781839102981.00030

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その他リンク： https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781839102981/9781839102981.xml

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 23 02 WATER SUPPLY water res management in JPN D-22-00664.pdf

DOI： 10.2166/ws.2023.009

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記述言語：アブハズ語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

Asia, a rapidly emerging global economic power, is vulnerable to natural disasters. Its annualized flood-related losses, amounting to 53 billion USD and approximately 16,000 human lives, are expected to increase with further climate change. Several international organizations have recommended increasing investment in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA). Developing Asian economies’ investment of 33.6 billion USD (0.21% of their GDP) in flood protection in 2015 is projected to reach 100 billion USD annually by 2030. Official development assistance (ODA) in DRR—5 billion USD/year from 1991 to 2010—increased by 2.6 times to 13.3 billion USD/year from 2011 to 2020. Simultaneously, investment in risk prevention or reduction decreased from 680 to 550 million USD/year (a decrease from 12.7 to 4.1% as the share in DRR assistance). This book collates the existing data, research findings, conceptual works of the scholars and senior officials of disaster management organizations who directly manage or investigate natural disasters in the Asia-Pacific, and practical cases of investment in DRR and CCA. This chapter examines the international initiatives for promoting investment in DRR and CCA and the current and projected funding for DRR and CCA to construct the background for this compendium and outlines its chapters.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-19-2924-3_1

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掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

Abstract

It is widely recognized that investment is crucial to mitigating disaster damage and adapting to the effects of climate change. This point was emphasized in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and successive agreements on climate change. The preceding chapters of this book identified various issues that need to be resolved and proposed policies and approaches accordingly. This chapter synthesizes the major findings and proposes innovative approaches to attain sustainable progress toward a resilient future in the Asian region. There are research gaps in many areas of investment in disaster risk reduction. There is a need to develop the estimating methods and the database of investments. The activities that constitute disaster management phases need to be well-coordinated and further developed. The trend in the increasingly adverse allocation of investment between ex-ante before disaster occurrence and response and recovery following disasters needs to be reversed. Since policy- and decision-makers must justify the allocation of budget among various priority activities, the methods to analyze the benefits of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation need to be improved. To overcome the paucity of finance, further research should be aimed at developing innovative approaches, such as green infrastructure, partnerships with the private sector, and burden-sharing mechanisms.

添付ファイル： 22 09 Future Perspectives of Financing Investment.pdf

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-19-2924-3_12

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer New York  

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_147-1

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： COVID19.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100096

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

災害に強いインフラへの多額の投資にもかかわらず、これらのシステムに関する一般市民の理解は依然として十分に研究されていない。本研究では、日本の一般市民が持つ社会インフラ（社会的結束を促進するコミュニティ施設）とグリーンインフラ（都市環境に統合された自然システム）に関する知識を調査した。全国代表的な調査（n = 650）を通じて、オープンエンド質問をOLS回帰分析で解析し、知識レベルを評価した。結果、顕著な知識のギャップが明らかになった：回答者はグリーンインフラよりも社会インフラについてより理解していた。教育は両方のタイプにおいて最も強い予測因子として浮上しましたが、社会資本と災害対策の有効性に関する認識は、社会インフラの知識とのみ関連していました。意外なことに、災害経験は知識との有意な相関を示さず、経験学習 alone では不十分であることを示唆しています。年齢はグリーンインフラの知識と負の相関を示し、女性は男性よりも社会インフラの知識が優れていました。これらの結果は、インフラの可用性と一般市民の理解のギャップを埋めるための標的を絞った教育介入の必要性を強調し、最終的に市民の参加を強化することで日本の災害耐性を向上させることを示しています。

添付ファイル： 25 07 Social and Green Infrastructure.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105687

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

従来のトップダウン型アプローチは、数十年にわたり災害リスク軽減（DRR）
イニシアチブを支配してきました。中央政府が災害対策と復旧活動を調整し、
海岸の強化や堤防や防波堤などの大規模なグレーインフラの建設を通じて、潜在的な脅威を軽減する取り組みが行われてきました。批判者は、この戦略の有用性と適用可能性を疑問視しており、特に最近の災害（例えば日本の3/11の三重災害など、最近の災害の混合結果を考慮すると、この戦略の有用性や適用可能性が疑問視されてきました。この分野の専門家が伝統的なDRRモデルと代替モデルをどの程度支持しているかを調査するため、米国と日本のDRR専門家15名を対象に深層インタビューを実施し、NVivoソフトウェアを用いて回答を体系的にコード化しました。分析から3つの主要なテーマが浮き彫りになりました：1) コミュニティベースのDRRを活用し、形式主義などの問題に対処すること； 2) 支援ネットワークの優先；および3) 中央集権的と
地方自治的な構造の調和、すなわち国家計画と地域努力のシナジーを促進し、多ステークホルダー参加による意思決定を実施すること。私たちの結果は、中央集権的政策 alone では災害対応を制御できないことを示しています。むしろ、機関の能力と地域知識を両立させるより包摂的なガバナンス構造が、今後のDRRを強化するでしょう。

DeepL.com（無料版）で翻訳しました。

DOI： 10.5595/001c.140543

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文  

2004年のインド洋津波は、20万人以上の命を奪い、多くの国々に甚大な被害をもたらしました。もし地域社会が津波の知識を持ち、そのリスクを理解し、そのような自然災害に備え、津波が到達する前に高台に避難していれば、被害の規模は軽減できた可能性があります。この災害は、コミュニティベースの防災戦略の重要性を強調し、沿岸災害に対するコミュニティのレジリエンス強化に向けた世界的な取り組みを促しました。本稿では、様々な国における主要な沿岸災害へのコミュニティの対応を分析することにより、インド洋津波後のコミュニティベースの防災の進展を評価します。私たちは、先住民族の知識と防災活動の統合、教育および啓発活動の役割、持続的な取り組みの課題、そして多様な関係者の関与の重要性に焦点を当てています。多様な沿岸災害から得られた教訓を統合することにより、本研究は、より効果的で持続可能なコミュニティベースの防災戦略の開発に貢献します。残された課題を特定し、コミュニティの回復力を優先する重要な政策を提案します。

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-96-2669-4_11

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 25 03 DANIEL State, Market, or Community Exploring Public Perceptions of Disaster Management Strategies.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.nhres.2025.03.012

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Investing in disaster risk reduction is crucial for minimizing the impacts of disasters. However, little is known about the factors that influence changes in investment levels over time. This study aims to identify the key socio-economic drivers behind increases and decreases in flood protection investment in People's Republic of China (PRC). Such information is crucial for policy makers to justify flood investments. By analyzing data on flood protection expenditures, economic losses from floods, and other relevant indicators from 1980 to 2020, the study evaluates the relationship between investment and disaster impacts through the lens of the flood investment cycle model. It was found that the country succeeded in reducing flood damage because of increasing investment in flood protection. The results indicate that changes in PRC's flood protection investment have been driven by three major factors: the occurrence of major disasters, the fiscal situation, and shifts in government policies. Investment tended to increase following large-scale events, such as the 1998 Yangtze River Basin flood and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which prompted policy changes and renewed focus on DRR measures. Fiscal constraints limited investment in the 1990s, but reforms and stimulus measures improved the financial situation, enabling increased spending on flood protection. PRC's experience in steadily reducing flood damage through sustained investment and policy commitment offers valuable lessons for other developing countries facing similar challenges.

添付ファイル： 25 03 China investment.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.001

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Climate change poses an existential threat to small island developing states, particularly atoll nations like the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). This study examines the economic and financial challenges of implementing climate change adaptation measures in these vulnerable countries. Through a comprehensive literature review and a case study of the RMI, the costs and feasibility of various adaptation strategies, including coastal protection, land raising, and migration, were analyzed. Findings reveal that the financial requirements for effective adaptation far exceed the economic capacities of the RMI. Even basic protective measures require investments multiple times the country’s gross domestic product. The benefit-cost ratios of adaptation projects fall below 1 when evaluated solely on disaster risk reduction, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift in assessing adaptation investments in highly vulnerable nations. This study underscores the critical importance of international climate finance and support. While the RMI has received significant climate development finance, the scale of required adaptation measures far surpasses this level of assistance. The key challenges included not only debt sustainability concerns but also traditional land tenure systems, ecological impacts, and the limitations of conventional cost-benefit analyses in the context of national survival. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, international organizations, and researchers working on climate resilience in vulnerable coastal nations.

添付ファイル： 24 08 Marshall.pdf

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2025.p0053

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

•
Social and green infrastructure are emerging to increase climate resilience.
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Public awareness and knowledge are key for successful infrastructure adoption.
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Higher social infrastructure knowledge is linked to education levels.
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Experts demonstrate higher social and green infrastructure knowledge.
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Increasing public awareness requires policy response, such as education and outreach.

添付ファイル： 24 11 Social Green Infra.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104891

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-99-8465-7_20

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掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-99-8465-7_34

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担当区分：最終著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 24 07 Livelihood sustainability.pdf

DOI： 10.3390/su16145865

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2024.p0534

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-024-06693-z

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担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 23 Building quality society.pdf

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0877

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

添付ファイル： 23 06 Who Pay JDR .pdf

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0467

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0455

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph20032641

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Edward Elgar Publishing  

DOI： 10.4337/9781800371613.00012

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その他リンク： https://www.elgaronline.com/downloadpdf/book/9781800371613/book-part-9781800371613-53.xml

担当区分：最終著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： 22 09 indirect death.pdf

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph191912351

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

添付ファイル： 22 03ijerph-Investment Cycle 19-03346-v2.pdf

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19063346

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

添付ファイル： 2022 COVID19 JDR.pdf

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2022.p0144

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掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

Cost–benefit analysis is crucial for prioritizing and justifying disaster risk reduction projects. This study aimed to identify important issues in the application of various cost–benefit analysis methods. It reviewed the diverse evolving processes of these methods in Japan and examined their advantages and limitations. In Japan, cost–benefit analysis methods are commonly applied to investments in flood protection engineering projects to evaluate their benefits. Furthermore, the analysis also estimated the damage prevention benefits of river improvement and the river water level reduction benefits of dam construction. The assets in danger of being damaged included houses, factories, infrastructures, and short-term economic activities. However, estimating all the benefits generated by flood protection projects remains a challenge. For example, the benefits of saving human lives or mitigating long-term indirect costs have not been counted. Therefore, this study proposes some concrete directions in this regard for future studies.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-19-2924-3_10

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掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature Singapore  

In this study, we reviewed the literature on disaster risk reduction investment published since 2015, when the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was adopted, and then followed up with text mining analysis. The literature extracted from the databases of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which are multilateral development banks (MDBs), offer new concepts in disaster risk reduction investment, such as the triple dividend of resilience and women-focused investment in resilience. Additionally, we found that solutions such as the Blueprint for Action (World Bank) had been proposed to promote investment. Conversely, many of the literature extracted from the Web of Science, a database of academic papers, are based on empirical research using quantitative methods and can be regarded as providing a certain level of evidence for the concepts that have been discussed in MDBs. The results of the co-occurrence network show that words such as “agriculture” and “fund” are characteristic of the World Bank literature, while “woman” and “community” are characteristic of the ADB literature. Moreover, the correspondence analysis implies a difference between the tendency of words to appear in the Web of Science literature and that in other MDB databases. Thus, when contemplating the direction of future academic research, the characteristic words of literature extracted from the MDB database using text mining could be deemed useful as a source of reference information to a certain extent.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-19-2924-3_3

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

添付ファイル： 21 09 GEJE sharing Fujipress_JDR-16-6-7.pdf

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2021.p0942

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

添付ファイル： 2021 investing in flood protection emperial study.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100197

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： GREAN OA MIKIO ISHIWATARI Effectiveness of investing in flood protection.pdf

DOI： 10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2020-0081

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：東洋大学国際学部  

官民連携や市場原理を取り入れる社会資本整備は広く実施されているところである。民間が主導するか、国がマスタープランを作り長期的かつネットワーク的な視点から整備するか、その手法はそれぞれの国の歴史的な背景や成長の段階によって異なる。日本では社会資本整備にあたり、長期的な計画に基づき多くの公的資金を使って整備を進めてきた。明治期の鉄道建設においては、1872年の新橋・横浜間の開通以降、1893 年には国が計画的に責任をもって鉄道建設を推進するため、鉄道敷設法が制定されている。戦後、国全体の開発のマスタープランとして全国総合開発計画が、分野別では長期整備計画が策定され、インフラ整備が進められた。こうした整備手法に対して、1990 ～ 2000 年代にかけて、資源配分を硬直的なものとし、経済動向や財政事情を迅速に事業へ反映することを困難にしている、との批判を受けた（太田2008）。全国総合計画は現在では国土形成計画に、分野別の長期整備計画は社会資本整備重点計画に変更されている。
本稿は19 世紀のチェサピーク・オハイオ運河建設を巡る都市間の競争を題材に、交通インフラ整備の手法について検討を行う。ワシントン首都圏からポトマック川をさかのぼり西部を繋ぐ運河建設を巡っては開発のマスタープランや整備計画が作成されることはなく、それぞれの事業ごとに株式会社が設立され推進された。コロンビア特別区に属するワシントン市、ジョージタウン市、アレクサンドリア市、メリーランド州に属するボルチモア市の間で、自分たちの立場が有利になるよう、駆け引き、競争が繰り広げられた。現地調査、既往研究レビュー、統計資料分析により運河建設を巡る事業の経緯を検討し、株式会社方式による市場原理に基づくインフラ整備手法について考察する。

添付ファイル： 2021　CO運河.pdf

DOI： 10.34428/00012399

CiNii Research

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

添付ファイル： 20 12 (ASCE)NH.1527-6996.pdf

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000423

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Climate-fragility risks are regarded as “threat multipliers” that undermine the security of humans and the state. This chapter considers various development assistance approaches in managing climate-fragility risks. While development assistance agencies are supporting developing countries to strengthen efforts in climate change adaptation and peacebuilding, existing approaches in these two areas are not connected enough. The chapter examines gaps in the assistance approaches of managing climate-fragility risks: risk assessment, program time scale, and integration of approaches. Climate risk information is currently not used for peacebuilding programs, while risk assessment with respect to water availability and disasters under a changing climate would be useful in preparing projects under unstable regional situations. Peacebuilding programs focus on immediate needs such as rehabilitating the infrastructure destroyed, improving the livelihoods of local communities, and creating government capacities. Climate change adaptation programs aim at resolving issues from a long-term perspective, such as flood risk management and capacity building. Incorporating a long-term perspective into peacebuilding programs is a challenge. The chapter proposes practical approaches to fill these gaps in order to merge assistance approaches of peacebuilding with climate change adaptation.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-15-8852-5_16

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）   出版者・発行元：日本国際問題研究所  

防災への国際的な取り組み指針である仙台防災枠組は、自然災害のみならずパンデミックや感染症など生物学的な災害も含めたマルチ・ハザード対応、つまり、様々な災害への系統だった対応を求めている。これは新型コロナウイルスなど感染症対策を強化するにあたり有益なアプローチとなる。波及、連鎖して複合・複雑化する被害に対応することができ、また、自然災害対応の蓄積を感染症対策にいかせるからである。パンデミックを含めたマルチ・ハザード対応を強化するために、対策を分析し教訓を導き、各国の能力強化を支援する国際協力が求められる。

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction ("the Sendai Framework"), a set of guidelines for international disaster risk reduction ("DRR") initiatives, calls for multi-hazard approaches to pandemics, infectious diseases and other biological disasters as well as to natural disasters, i.e., for systematic management of a wide range of disasters. This constitutes a useful approach for reinforcing measures to combat COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, as it enables responses to spillover, cascading, compound and complex damage, and application of a significant track record of natural disaster management to battling infectious diseases. Stepping up approaches to multiple hazards inclusive of pandemics will require international cooperation in analyzing measures, drawing out the lessons to be learned, and supporting capacity-building in other countries.

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：東洋大学国際学部  

添付ファイル： 災害対策としての移転事業の日米比較調査.pdf

DOI： 10.34428/00011807

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

添付ファイル： Evolving Concept of Resilience Soft Measures of Flood Risk Management in Japan.pdf

DOI： 10.11610/connections.19.3.07

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100033

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語  

添付ファイル： 1-s2.0-S2590061719300146-main.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100014

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記述言語：英語  

添付ファイル： 1-s2.0-S2590061719300079-main.pdf

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100007

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Netherlands  

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-019-03602-7

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Climate change impacts on natural and human systems are increasing. Often affecting fragile economic, social and political systems, climate change is considered to be a serious ‘threat multiplier’. In this document, the risks on these existing systems are understood as climate fragility risks (CFRs). Considering CFRs in the development sector is necessary in order to address an important layer of additional current and future risks, which are largely not well understood or taken into consideration in the present development programing. The CFRs approach proposed in this document is aimed at ensuring that no one is left behind, through addressing the disproportionality that climate change impacts bring. This document proposes six principles to manage CFRs in key development sectors, namely (1) implement interdisciplinary approach, (2) focus on vulnerable groups, (3) promote preventive and adaptive measures, (4) enhance inclusive and participatory governance, (5) allocate and manage finances for CFR effectively and efficiently, and (6) build resilient and green infrastructure

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出版者・発行元：CWS JAPAN  

DOI： 10.13140/RG.2.2.16917.06880

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出版者・発行元：UNDRR  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4324/9781351006828

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world. Disasters have increasingly devastated the development effectiveness of the LAC countries. Had infrastructure been constructed with additional measures to prevent collapses due to natural hazard impacts, the region would have saved in the long run a significant amount of the public, private and human capital allocated to repairs and reconstruction. A key question is: what are the factors involved in preventing infrastructure collapse due to natural hazard impacts and how might these measures be implemented? This paper discusses the LAC countries’ sustainable infrastructure that has been shown to be resilient, continuing to operate without collapse even during hazardous events. The study reviews (i) the good practices for reducing vulnerability in Japan, (ii) the overall progress of LAC countries on disaster risk management, and (iii) the recent infrastructure damages due to disasters in LAC region and identifies lessons. Finally, using a comparative analysis of a selected case studies in LAC and Japan, the study identifies four approaches for hazard resilient infrastructure in the LAC region.

添付ファイル： Lessons_Learnt_from_Japan_and_Latin_America_and_Caribbean_Countries_in_Management_Hazard_Resilient_Infrastructure.pdf

DOI： 10.13140/RG.2.2.16079.79520

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

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記述言語：英語  

Human security will be progressively threatened by climate change, consequently development cooperation agencies such as JICA need to adopt approaches to strengthen resilience to climate-fragility risks. Currently, JICA's approaches to climate change adaptation and peacebuilding are not connected enough. There is a need for integrating assessments of climate risk and peace-building impacts as well as science, engineering and socioeconomic approaches. Furthermore, to address climate-fragility risks more broadly, Japan can build on its long history and extensive experience, for example in the water sector and disaster risk reduction.

添付ファイル： 4.jica policy paper climate change and fragility in jap dev cooperation-FINAL ENG_11Jan.pdf

DOI： 10.57405/iges-5660

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

人間の安全保障は気候変動によって徐々に脅かされていくであろう。従って、国際協力機構（JICA）などの開発援助機関は、気候脆弱性リスクに対する強靭性を強化するアプローチを取り入れる必要がある。現在、気候変動適応と平和構築に対するJICA のアプローチは十分に関連付けられてはいない。気候リスクと平和構築の影響評価を統合し、また、科学、工学、社会経済におけるそれぞれのアプローチを統合する必要がある。さらに、より広範に気候脆弱性リスクに取り組むために、水資源や防災といった分野で、日本はその長い歴史と幅広い経験を役立てることができる。

添付ファイル： 4. jica policy paper climate change-FINAL JAP_12Jan_1 (1).pdf

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：JICA Research Institute  

2015年2月に閣議決定された開発協力大綱（大綱）では、「包摂的」で「持続可能」であり、「強靭性」を兼ね備えた「質の高い成長」とそれを通じた貧困撲滅への支援を行う、ことを重点課題としている。「強靭性」を備えるには、経済危機や自然災害を含む様々なショックへの耐性及び回復力に富むことが必要である1。こうした支援を実施するには、「自然災害などのショック」が成長の質にどう影響を与えるのか、「耐性、回復力を富ませる」支援とはどうあるべきか、を明確にすることが求められる。 本稿は、質の高い成長を支援する観点から、防災援助の実施に当たり何が課題となるのか、を明らかにすることを目的とする。先行研究をレビューすることで、(i)災害がどのように成長に影響を与え、成長がどのように災害を減らすのか、もしくは深刻化するのか、(ii)事前の備えの重要性と災害対策の効果、（iii）防災援助の実施において残された課題は何か、を検討する。

DOI： 10.18884/00000902

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Flooding has become a serious issue in rapidly urbanizing countries. It is widely recognized that flood damages in urban areas can be decreased by taking an integrated risk management approach. This approach, however, has not been realized easily in major cities in Asia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the crucial issues in adopting the integrated approach to developing countries. It reviews Japanese experience and lessons of managing urban flood risks, and compares these lessons with situations in developing countries. It was found that establishing coordination mechanisms among a wide range of sectors is a crucial challenge. Furthermore, the paper proposes practical methods of promoting the integrated approach for urban flood risk management in developing countries.

添付ファイル： Urban flood JPN Innovation Social J.pdf

DOI： 10.12668/jsij.6.15

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Water security and water quality affect numerous economic sectors and areas: agriculture, energy, disaster management, and others. Countries need balanced and integrated approaches that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Threats related to climate change have added to the complexity, and to the importance, of water resource management. Korea’s integrated water resources management approach since the 1990s reflects the country’s “green” climate-resilient development path. The Korean Green Growth Trust Fund’s (KGGTF) 3rd “Knowledge Note”, Promoting Green Growth through Water Resources Management: the Case of Republic of Korea, outlines key responses to Korea’s water resource challenges. The report highlights the Korean Government’s “Four Major River Restoration Project (4MRRP)”, a multi-purpose, green-growth infrastructure initiative. Involving five ministries and 78 local authorities in a comprehensive and integrated approach, the Note showcases lessons from 4MRRP for other countries to learn from Korea’s experience overcoming institutional, legislative, governance, technical and financial hurdles.

DOI： 10.1596/23677

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

A balanced and integrated approach is needed to resolve various water<br />
issues, such as water shortage, floods, and water pollution. This paper aims at<br />
proposing an integrated approach of water resource management at the national level<br />
by examining Japanese development assistance. It reviews nationwide master plans<br />
(MPs) of water resource management that Japan International Cooperation Agency has<br />
supported nine developing countries to formulate since the 1980s. The purpose of the<br />
nationwide MPs is to establish a basic framework for water resources development and<br />
management in a manner consistent with overall national socioeconomic development<br />
objectives. It was found that these MPs have contributed to optimize water resource<br />
development by coordinating multiple sectors. Also, the nationwide MPs were<br />
regarded as pioneer works of integrated water resource management, which was<br />
emphasized in the world from the 1980s. This paper found issues to be improved as<br />
well. The MPs should have focused on more water resource “management” in addition<br />
to “development”. These plans cover limited recommendations on institution and<br />
capacity, which are essential in managing water resources. Furthermore, the paper<br />
recommends practical approaches how to improve planning water resource<br />
management at the national level.

添付ファイル： HowCanNationwideMasterPlansofIntegratedWaterResourceManagementContributetoResolveWaterIssuesinDevelopingCountries.pdf

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Mainstreaming disaster risk management (DRM) into development policies and projects is recognized as the key to mitigate disasters, which hamper socio-economic development. However, limited activates have been conducted to support developing countries to enhance capacity of mainstreaming DRM. This chapter aims to propose approaches of capacity building for mainstreaming DRM. The lessons learned from disasters are useful for developing countries to mainstream DRM in development as well as to strengthen governance and practical measures in DRM. Each country can improve DRM by learning lessons from mega-disasters inside and outside the country. Various lessons were learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJE) in 2011, such as importance of preventive investment, preparedness for unexpected disasters, and risk communication. The chapter reviews the practices of (i) a joint research project between Japan and the World Bank (WB) “Learning from Megadisaster”, which collected lessons from the GEJE, and shared them with the rest of the world, and (ii) capacity building programs in DRM of Japanese assistance. It was found that there are obvious contrasts between these programs of the WB and Japan International Cooperation Agency in approach, targeted audience, and duration. The WB programs were designed to assist the developing countries in mainstreaming DRM and targeted a wide range of audience including policy makers, decision makers, and politicians. The WB efficiently conducted training activities by blending various tools, in particular advanced information and communication technologies. Japan International Cooperation Agency invites practitioners of government organizations from developing countries to Japan on a large scale to transfer Japanese practical technology on the ground. Through comparing these programs conducted by two organizations the chapter further proposes practical methods of exchanging knowledge among practitioners and decision makers in the world to mainstream DRM in development.

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-55136-2_7

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch29

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

DOI： 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6766079

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch24

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch2

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch28

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch9

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On March 11, 2011, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Japan's Tohoku region. The Great East Japan Earthquake was the first disaster ever recorded that included an earthquake, a tsunami, a nuclear power plant accident, a power supply failure, and a large-scale disruption of supply chains. This report consolidates the set of 36 Knowledge Notes, research results of the joint study undertaken by the Government of Japan and the World Bank. It summarizes the lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and provides guidance to other disaster-prone countries for mainstreaming disaster risk management in their development policies. It is clear that financial resources alone are not sufficient to deal with disasters and to spur development. Technical assistance and capacity building are equally important. In Japan's case, the project learned how communities can play a critical role in preparing for and coping with natural disasters. Communities can help prevent damage from spreading, maintain social order, and provide support to the vulnerable. Only through technical cooperation can such know-how be passed on to other countries and be adapted to their local circumstances. The chapters that make up the main body of this report are built around the disciplines employed in the traditional disaster risk management cycle. Grouped into seven thematic clusters that track that cycle, the chapters treat structural measures (part 1) and nonstructural measures (part 2) as preventive options. Also covered is the emergency responses put in place after March 11 (part 3) and described the planning behind the reconstruction process (part 4). The handling of risk assessment and communication before and after the disaster are the subject of part 5. Part 6 deals with risk financing, insurance, and fiscal and financial management; part 7 with the progress of recovery and relocation.

DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch9

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch20

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch20

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出版者・発行元：World Bank  

DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch23

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch13

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch1

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DOI： 10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Taylor and Francis  

DOI： 10.4324/9781315761336

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記述言語：英語  

The developing countries, which have weak governance and institution, face various difficulties for quick recovery in the aftermath of megadisasters. They have weak disaster management agencies, limited skilled and experienced staff and weak finance resources. Local governments are greatly overstretched because of a wide range of response and recovery activities. It takes some time for international development agencies to respond to disasters. This study aims to propose the practical institutional and governance mechanisms of quick recovery for developing countries and development agencies by examining practices in the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011. The study observes that institutional and legislative features contributed to prompt recovery. For example, the governments opened roads leading to cities on devastated coasts in less than a week. Quick recovery can be attributed to robust measures prepared at normal times, which Japan have improved by learning lessons from past disasters including the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. The national government established the advance financial arrangements of subsidizing rehabilitation of public infrastructures to the local governments. Government offices have arranged prior agreements with the private sector to immediately commence recovery works. The government agencies organized to mobilize expert teams through their national networks. Structural measures of reinforcing bridges and other structures decreased recovery workloads and financial burdens. Also, the study argues challenges faced. The financial mechanizes focus on public facilities, and unfairly covers facilities owned by the private sector, such as railway, school and electricity. Local construction companies, which play crucial roles in quick recovery, are weakening capacities to respond to disasters because of budget decrease of public works.

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-54255-1_5

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Web of Science

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Japan has supported developing countries in promoting river projects for over the last half-century. The assistance started with structural measures of construction works and technical transfer in planning, constructing and maintaining structures, such as dams and river banks. The assistance has substantially contributed to socio-economic development of the countries. From the mid-90s, Japan started a holistic approach including community-based activities. This paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s assistance in the river sector. It was found that Japan is emphasizing the community-based activities to resolve issues. These issues include limited contribution to poverty reduction of the main purpose of official development assistance, limited development of non-structural measures, and limited coordination with other sectors. Also, the paper argues current issues of climate change adaptation and utilization of lessons form the Great East Japan Earthquake, and proposes practical approaches to address them. Key Words: official development assistance, disaster risk management, community-based disaster management, climate change adaptation, flood, Great East Japan Earthquake, non-structural measure

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1108/S2040-7262(2012)0000010008

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects that greater precipitation intensity and variability will increase flooding risks in many areas because of climate change. New planning methods in flood risk management are required to be developed. Stationarity is dead, and should no longer serve as a central default assumption in flood risk assessment and planning. The conventional planning methods assume that natural systems fluctuate with in an unchanging envelope of variability. Quantitative data on future extreme events is required as basic information to plan adaptation measures on climate change in flood risk management. The datasets of general circulation models of predicting global climates that were sources for the fourth assessment report of IPCC can be utilized for prediction on precipitation. The datasets of the super-high-resolution (20-km mesh) atmospheric General Circulation Model, which the Japanese Meteorological Research Institute and Japan Meteorological Agency developed by utilizing the Earth Simulator, are also available. This paper proposes planning methods for climate change adaptation in flood risk management through utilizing the datasets produced by supercomputer systems. The paper reviews the case studies of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) of climate change adaptation in flood risk management that are planned according to the proposed methods.

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1108/S2040-7262(2010)0000004020

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Mikio Ishiwatari, 2010, &#039;Japanese Experiences of Disaster Risk Reduction&#039;, &lt;i&gt;Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management (AJEDM) - Focusing on Pro-active Risk Reduction in Asia&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 02, no. 03, p. 247

DOI： 10.3850/S1793924011000447

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

From a human security perspective, it is crucial to ensure that people affected by disasters<br />
can resume normal daily life. This study aims to propose the methodologies of collaboration<br />
between communities, development agencies, and NGOs for rehabilitation projects focusing<br />
on individuals. JICA conducted various community-based rehabilitation projects following<br />
the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004. The study observes that the JICA’s “four principle”<br />
approach of integrating self-aid, community-aid, government-aid, and foreign-aid is useful<br />
for community-based rehabilitation. This concept evolved from an important lesson learned<br />
from the Kobe earthquake in 1995. The study further examines implementation difficulties<br />
of all community-based JICA projects among three collaborative methodologies with communities<br />
and NGOs: (1) subsidies to NGOs in Indonesia, (2) subcontracts with NGOs in Sri<br />
Lanka, and (3) direct implementation by JICA in Maldives. It was found that the involvement<br />
of foreign experts in the implementation of the subcontract or direct implementation methodologies<br />
is crucial to attaining project quality. The subsidymethodology was the least effective,<br />
since project quality depends on NGOs’ capacities that are difficult to evaluate during the<br />
confusion following enormous disasters.

DOI： 10.3850/s1793924011000472

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Greater precipitation intensity and variability will increase the flood risks in developing countries because of climate change. Under an uncertain and changing climate, the conventional systems of planning methods in flood management can not be directly applied. This paper aims at proposing a planning method of climate change adaptation in flood risk management. It examines how to predict climate change effects on precipitation causing floods while dealing with the uncertainty. This paper further discusses flexible measures at a river basin level, instead of conventional measures of constructing long liner banks between mouths of rivers and the mountains. These measures include land use regulation, community-based disaster management, retarding basins, and banks protecting only strategic areas. It was found that the proposed method is applicable in flood risk management in Tagologan River Basin in the Philippines.

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Mikio Ishiwatari, 2010, &#039;Redevelopment of Inland Water Transport for Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Southern Sudan&#039;, &lt;i&gt;Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management (AJEDM) - Focusing on Pro-active Risk Reduction in Asia&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 02, no. 01, p. 101

DOI： 10.3850/S179392402009000350

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

The Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone counties in Southeast Asia. This paper reviews Japanese development assistance to the Philippines in disaster risk management, which has continued around 40 years. Most financing projects have supported structure measures, protecting some eight million people in 4,000 km2. Under technical cooperation Japanese engineers have transferred their technology to over 600 Filipino engineers. The assistance, however, has not necessarily attained human security, which focuses on empowerment and protection of individuals, and a mission of Japan International Cooperation Agency. Crucial issues were found in the assistance projects: (1) delayed construction projects; (2) limited contribution to poverty reduction; (3) limited support to communities; (4) limited involvement of local governments and communities; and (5) limited coordination with other related sectors. The paper further proposes approaches in future projects.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：学位論文（博士）  

1.本課題を選択した経緯<br />
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防災、復興分野の開発援助において近年さまざまな課題への対応が迫られている。この背景には以下のように深刻化する自然災害や武力紛争における傾向がある。<br />
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(1)自然災害による被害が甚大化している:1975-2008年に発生した死者数上位10件の巨大災害のうち、半数はここ5年間(2003-08年)に発生した(インド洋大津波、サイクロンナギス、四川大地震、カシミール地震、ヨーロッパ熱波) 。2010年1月には死者20万人を超えるハイチ地震が発生した。<br />
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(2)気候変動により洪水被害の増大が予測されている: 気候変動により多くの地域で豪雨などの極端現象の強度と頻度が強まり洪水被害が増大すると予測されている。特に、現在でも洪水に対して脆弱である発展途上国が気候変動による影響を最も被ることになる。途上国の多くは熱帯低気圧の影響を受け豪雨が発生しやすい熱帯地域に位置し、防災対策の整備も進んでいない。<br />
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(3)平和構築が重点課題として取り組まれている:2003年政府開発援助(ODA)大綱や2005年ODA中期政策において平和構築は重点課題に位置づけられ取り組まれている。紛争後、住民が正常な生活に戻り平和の恩恵を実感できるよう平和の配当を実現するには、基礎的ニーズを満たす緊急支援から復旧・復興そして中長期開発まで一連のプロセスをつなげることが重要である。<br />
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筆者はこれまで国土交通省、アジア開発銀行、在ネパール日本大使館、国際協力機構(JICA)において国内外の防災業務に携わってきた。こうした経験を通じて開発援助においては、現在、以下のような問題に直面していると認識している。<br />
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(1)巨大自然災害復興、気候変動適応策、紛争復興といった深刻化する課題について、援助手法が確立されておらず場当たり的な手探り状態でプロジェクトを形成、実施している。<br />
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(2)防災分野のODAにおいては、「日本が国際的に高い比較優位を有する自国の経験や技術を生かす 」とされるが具体の事例は乏しい。たとえば、阪神淡路大震災の教訓や経験を実際のプロジェクトにどう生かすのか、といった手法は開発されていない。<br />
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2.本論文の目的<br />
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防災・復興分野における深刻化する課題に対して開発援助手法を確立することを目的とする。こうした検討をJICAの分野別アプローチに反映するなど、プロジェクトの質の改善に繋がる政策提言を行なう。<br />
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3.本論文の構成<br />
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実施、計画、政策の3つのレベルにおいて、それぞれ対応する事例研究を行った。<br />
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(1)実施レベル:巨大自然災害復興におけるコミュニティ支援でのNGOとの協働態勢<br />
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1995年の阪神淡路大震災での教訓のひとつは、災害復興や防災には自助、共助、公助の連携が必要であり特に共助が重要となる、ことである。この教訓はJICAの防災分野アプローチに取り入れられ2004年のインド洋大津波後の災害復興においてはコミュニティの持つ共助機能に注目して支援が行われた。コミュニティ支援には現地事情に精通するNGOと協働することが望ましいとされている。JICAが実施したコミュニティ型プロジェクトにおいて、プロジェクト報告書の精査と現地インタビュー調査により、以下の3つのNGOとの協働手法を比較検討した。<br />
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(a)インドネシアにおけるNGO補助金型<br />
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(b)スリランカにおけるNGO委託契約型<br />
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(c)モルジブにおけるJICA直営型<br />
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NGO補助金型がプロジェクト実施上、最も多くの問題を抱えプロジェクトの質が低くなる、また、経験のある外国専門家が監理するJICA直営型やNGO委託型は質が高くなる、ことが明らかとなった。NGOを通じてのコミュニティ支援は平常時には有効であるとしても、災害後の混乱期においてはNGO自身も被災し活動に支障をきたすことがあり、またNGOの能力評価が難しい。災害復興においては緊急性が求められ被災者ニーズも復興の進捗とともに変化していくため、現地事情に精通したNGOと協働しつつ専門家によりプロジェクトを監理する手法が望ましい。<br />
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(2)計画レベル:気候変動に適応した洪水対策<br />
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気候変動により河川計画の重要な前提条件である定常性、過去の降雨パターンが将来も変わらないという仮定、は成立しなくなった(定常性の死)。変動し続ける気候に対応し予測の不確実性を踏まえた新たな計画手法を確立することが求められている。<br />
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日本ではこれまで堤防やダムといった構造物を主体とする対策を進め、洪水から人命と財産を守ってきた。気候変動適応策として、流域全体でさまざまな対策を組み合わせることで最低限人命を守る、との新たな方針が提示されている 。主流であった河川内の構造物に加え、土地利用規制、予警報・避難など流域全体で様々な対策を組み合わせるものである。<br />
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途上国では人口増加や都市化が進んでおり、堤防など対策が未整備なこと、組織能力が限られているなど、日本とは条件が異なる。条件の異なるフィリピンにおいて日本の新たな方針が適用可能か、を検証するため、マニラ首都圏・カビテ州にて気候変動の影響も含めた洪水対策について検討した。<br />
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カビテ州では統計的ダウンスケーリング手法を用いた将来の降雨量変化予測によると、都市化の影響も相まって2050年には被害戸数が現状の2~3倍となる。堤防を主体とする従来型の洪水対策では住民移転が多数に上り、堤防建設では洪水水位上昇により堤防破堤時に危険性が増すことから、対策としては不適切である。遊水地の段階的な拡張により洪水貯留を進め、氾濫危険地域での開発や上流域での荒廃を防ぐよう土地利用を規制し、予警報・避難体制を整備しコミュニティ防災により対応する、という流域全体での多層な取り組みにより洪水被害を軽減することが有効となる。<br />
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日本で適応策として提案されている流域でのさまざまな対策を組み合わせる手法が、その知識を持つ職員の関与により社会経済条件が異なるフィリピンにおいても適用され、実効性が明らかとなった。<br />
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(3)セクター政策レベル:戦災復興における交通セクター復興<br />
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通常、交通セクターでは道路が主流であり内陸水運が支援の対象となることは極めてまれである。これは専門家、経験が少ないためである。日本においては1900年頃より鉄道の発展と共に河川舟運は衰退を始め現在では観光等の限られた役割に活用されているのみである。しかしながら、阪神淡路大震災において、道路や鉄道などの陸上交通が破壊された中、緊急物資や人員の輸送、日常生活の輸送にと船舶が活躍した。災害時の内陸水運の機能が見直され首都圏では将来発生する地震の救援手段として活用すべく船着場整備や訓練等が推進されている。<br />
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南スーダンにおいては20年以上わたる紛争が終結した後、河川港の復旧が行われた。これは紛争中からナイル川が交通路として活用されておりその重要性が明らかであったためである。点である港の施設を修復し効率的な支援となった。線である道路の修復は長距離、長い期間と多額の費用を要し、交通は治安の問題により妨害を受けやすい。阪神淡路大震災と同じく戦災復興においても船舶が有効な交通手段であることが明らかになった。スーダンの道路、鉄道の整備の遅れから引き続き水運が重要な交通手段を担うと考えられる。<br />
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政府能力の欠如により河川港を建設後1年間は十分に運営できなかった。復興支援においては施設建設に目が行きがちであるが、維持管理能力への支援も重要である。日本の阪神淡路大震災を教訓とする内陸水運整備においては平常時からの利用のためのキャパシティ強化が重要であるとされている 。こうした教訓が南スーダンのプロジェクトでは必ずしも活用されなかった。<br />
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4.結論と提言<br />
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防災・復興分野において直面する課題については従来手法が必ずしも適切ではないことが明らかとなった。巨大自然災害復興におけるコミュニティ支援ではNGOとの協調は不可欠であるもののプロジェクトの質を確保するにはNGOへの直接補助ではなく専門家が介在してプロジェクトを監理すべきである。気候変動適応においては従来型の構造物中心の対策ではなく都市域も含めた流域全体で多層な対策を組み合わせることが望ましい。紛争後復興における交通セクター支援は道路だけでなく内陸水運が有効な手段となりうる。<br />
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これらの事例においてプロジェクトの形成、実施に日本の知見、経験がどのように生かされたかを検証したところ、以下の通り個々の職員の能力に頼っていることが明らかとなった。<br />
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・スリランカ・モルジブ復興支援:阪神淡路大震災の知見を生かそうとする職員によりプロジェクトが形成された。プロジェクト合意文書に異例な形式で阪神淡路大震災の教訓が含まれている 。<br />
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・インドネシア復興支援:日本の知見を持つ職員が関わっておらず生かすことができなかった。<br />
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・フィリピン洪水対策:日本の国交省の適応策の検討状況をフォローしていた職員が関わることによりプロジェクトに反映させることが可能となった。<br />
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・スーダン内陸水運:日本の防災船着場についての問題点、改善点の知見を有する職員が途中より関わったことで、能力強化の追加プロジェクトが形成され河川港の運営が開始された。<br />
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JICAでは現場主義を掲げ在外事務所に権限を大幅に移譲しつつあり、職員の知識、知見が十分でないままプロジェクトに関与していく恐れがある。過去の経験や日本国内の事例を組織の知識資産として蓄積、整理し、職員が選択、活用できるよう整備する必要がある。具体的には過去のプロジェクト書類のデータベース整備、プロジェクトの最低限の質を確保するために指針や参考資料の整備を進めることを提言する。

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：海外経済協力基金開発援助研究所  

資料形態 : テキストデータ プレーンテキスト

CiNii Research

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2166/wst.1991.0639

Web of Science

Scopus

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-5036

総ページ数：21   記述言語：英語   著書種別：調査報告書

Investment in disaster risk reduction (DRR) is indispensable for enhancing resilience and for achieving sustainable development. Therefore, understanding the current scale and effects of DRR investment is crucial for promoting it. This paper analyzes the current scale and trends of investment in flood protection and investment efficiency in Asia. The findings show that major flood-prone economies in Asia recently invested USD57 billion per year in flood protection, accounting for 0.26% of the total GDP of these economies. The total investment of nine developing economies accounts for 4.2% of their infrastructure investment. Low-income economies are unable to invest significantly in flood protection due to financial constraints and the need to invest in other priority areas. However, once economies reach the low-middle income stage, they have more financial leeway and can start increasing investment in flood protection. Asian economies have been investing efficiently in flood protection, with the benefits of investment increasing more than economic development and investment.

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総ページ数：20   記述言語：英語   著書種別：調査報告書

Inclusive recovery efforts following disasters should encompass the needs and vision of various groups, especially women, youth, the elderly and people with disabilities, in order to realize the priority areas for disaster risk reduction (DRR) as stipulated in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR). This framework stresses enhancing disaster properness in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction as priories. Accordingly, the planning methods of recovery programs need to respond to diverse needs of disaster-affected communities and improve their local governance. While the existing researches offer little analysis on gender and diversity dimensions in disaster recovery efforts, finding out the means to strengthen the disaster coping capacity of women and other diverse groups, as well as involving them in decision-making processes to enhance their disaster governance are indispensable in the effective implementation of the SFDRR.

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総ページ数：167  

日本の防災を世界での災害対策にどう活用するか。途上国の現場での経験・苦労を交え、過去の災害の例を引きながら平易解説した読本。
ネパール地震、北関東水害、フィリピン・レイテの高潮災害、タイの大洪水、東日本大震災など、世界中で災害が頻発している。
なぜ災害は増えているのか?
なぜ災害には格差があるのだろうか?
なぜ復興の道は険しいのだろうか?
どうすれば世界から災害を減らせるのだろうか?
日本はどう手助けできるのだろうか?
途上国で災害が頻発する社会経済的な背景、弱者や貧困層に被害が集中する格差、復興に向けての被災者の苦労、防災援助の現状や今後のあり方など、著者自身の途上国の現場での経験・苦労を交え、日本の過去の災害の例を引きながら、わかりやすく解説し、日本の防災を世界での災害対策にどう活用するかを解説している。世界で起きている災害やその対策に興味を持つきっかけになる読本。

ASIN

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記述言語：日本語   著書種別：学術書

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総ページ数：xxiii, 363 p.   記述言語：英語   著書種別：学術書

The successes of Japan’s disaster risk management (DRM) system as well as the ways in which that system could be improved are reflected in the lessons drawn from the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and presented in the initial reports from the Learning from Megadisasters project. The GEJE was the first disaster ever recorded that included an earthquake, a tsunami, a nuclear power plant accident, a power supply failure, and a large-scale disruption of supply chains. Extreme disasters underscore the need for a holistic approach to DRM. Single-sector development planning cannot address the complexity of problems posed by natural hazards, let alone megadisasters, nor can such planning build resilience to threats. Faced with complex risks, Japan chose to build resilience by investing in preventative structural and nonstructural measures; nurturing a strong culture of knowledge and learning from past disasters; engaging in wise DRM regulation, legislation, and enforcement; and promoting cooperation among multiple stakeholders, between government agencies and ministries, between the private sector and the government, and among multiple levels of governance, from local to national to international. The book consolidates a set of 36 Knowledge Notes, research results of a joint study undertaken by the Government of Japan and the World Bank. These notes highlight key lessons learned in seven DRM thematic clusters—structural measures; nonstructural measures; emergency response; reconstruction planning; hazard and risk information and decision making; the economics of disaster risk, risk management, and risk financing; and recovery and relocation. Aimed at sharing Japanese cutting-edge knowledge with practitioners and decision makers, this book provides valuable guidance to other disaster-prone countries for mainstreaming DRM in their development policies and weathering their own natural disasters.

CiNii Research

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都市化や人口増加等の要因により世界各地で災害は増加している。最近出されたIPCC第6次評価報告書によれば、気候変動により豪雨や干ばつの頻度や強度が増加すると予測されており、十分な対策が取られなければ更に災害被害が増加することとなる。こうした災害に備えて、それぞれの国で防災への取り組みが強化されている。治水インフラ施設への投資が増やされ、構造物対策に加えて、移転など町づくりから防災を考え、自然と調和した対策に取り組まれている。新型コロナパンデミックからの復興においても、持続可能なグリーンな対応が打ち出されているところである。

本稿では気候変動適応策について、代表的な国々のアプローチについて概観し、その課題を検討する。なかでも、近年、関心が高まっている、自然環境が有する機能を活用して社会における様々な課題を解決するグリーンインフラや自然を基盤とする対策(NbS： Nature-based Solutions)と、危険地域からの移転事業を取り上げる。

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総ページ数：24   記述言語：英語   著書種別：調査報告書

Between October 6 until 13, 2019, an extremely strong and large tropical cyclone, Typhoon Hagibis (meaning“speed” in Tagalog; also known as Reiwa East Japan Typhoon or Japan Typhoon Number 19 of 2019), caused widespread destruction across its path.It was the strongest typhoon to strike mainland Japan in decades, and one of the largest typhoons ever recorded in terms of its diameter. It was also the costliest Pacific typhoon recorded in history, causing a total of 15 billion US dollars in financial damage Typhoon Hagibis came only a month after another strong typhoon, Faxai (Reiwa Bōsō PeninsulaTyphoon), took a similar path, also causing heavy damage in several prefectures around the capital region. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)issued a rare, highest-level warning of extreme rain in 7 prefectures, including Saitama and Shizuoka, urging residents to evacuate or move to higher floors in the“nearest sturdy building” in order to avoid imminent danger. Less than an hour after the typhoon made landfall, the agency added five more prefectures to the extreme-rain warning list. JMA had warned that Hagibis could rival typhoon Ida of 19583, which killedmore than 1,200 people in Shizuoka Prefecture and the Tokyo region.
Japan’s multi-hazard preparedness is globally recognized. During typhoon Hagibis, Japan’s advanced technology made it possible to forecast the risks in detail, and the media efficiently circulated the latest updates in a timely fashion. Strong infrastructure, such as embankments and dams, protected many areas from devastating floods. However, there were also some areas that could have been handled better. As with previous disasters, Japan’s aging population continues to be a matter of concern, and calls for revision of many policies. The vastness of the affected area was too large for the number of spontaneous volunteers who came forward to help. And because of the scale of the disaster, the management facilities of the disaster waste were overwhelmed and had to shut down temporarily in many areas, which delayed the cleaning activity. This report examines some of these issues, and summarizes the lessons that can contribute to better preparedness for future disasters.

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記述言語：英語   著書種別：学術書

While there is growing awareness and concern regarding climate change, with a lot of active discussions surrounding the issue, there is not much information on several other risks facing the world such as urbanization, an increase in natural hazards, an ageing society, food and water crises, prolonged conflicts, etc. Innovative solutions are required now more than ever to identify these issues and address them in an effort to build a resilient society.
A publication entitled “30 Innovations for Disaster Risk Reduction” was released at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction held in Geneva in May 2019, which stated that only high-tech tools should not be considered innovative and useful; rather, an appropriate strategy is imperative to change the current global situation and tackle the complexities of modern society.
This publication entitled “30 Innovations linking DRR with SDGs” is the second volume in the “30 Innovations” series, and includes an additional 30 innovations focusing on 10 sectors— Emergency response, Gender, Health, Agriculture, Water, Children, Education, Disabilities, Livelihood, and Early warning—to demonstrate the strong association between DRR and SDGs.
These 10 sectors were selected following detailed discussions by a group of experts in DRR, taking into consideration the 17 SDGs. It is not possible to discuss and consider DRR without examining its association with other sectors. It demonstrates the nature of complexities surrounding the DRR issue, which should also focus on both natural and man-made hazards such as technological and
chemical threats. Given that the discussion and consideration on DRR is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary and complex, a strong partnership and collaboration beyond sectors is urgently
required.
In order to highlight the association between DRR and the 17 SDGs, each innovation in this publication highlights the most relevant SDG. For instance, most DRR innovations in this publication will contribute toward reducing poverty (Goal 1). Accordingly, this publication also
seeks to highlight the strong association between DRR and SDGs, so that even those who have not been interested in the DRR issue could realize the need for promoting DRR activities for the successful implementation of SDGs, and could be encouraged to play an active role in DRR.
This year, the world is facing a potential risk of wildfire caused by climate change, human development, and other composite reasons. When we talk about the underlying causes and solutions, it should take into consideration various perspectives such as DRR, development, environment, forest reservations, agriculture, health, education, energy, sustainable economic growth, etc. It is obvious that tackling natural disasters is no longer an issue of disaster risk
management.
Similar to the first volume, another survey was conducted on the most effective DRR innovations, which received 200 responses from academia, governments, the private sector, NGOs, and international and regional organizations. The innovation that was selected as the most effective from the 30 listed items in this publication was “Ecosystem-based DRR” under the “Livelihood” section. Again, this is not a high-tech product, but rather an issue concerning the preservation of what we already have. In fact, of the top 10 innovations selected, only one high-tech product (Earthquake early warning system) was included. Most of them were approaches, systems/ mechanisms and knowledge that already exist. It implies that it is not just high-tech products that require our attention and investment; rather, we should look into knowledge, materials,
and approaches that are already available. We should consider how to maintain or channel these existing ideas, instead of focusing on developing expensive new technologies that require complicated procedures to apply.

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記述言語：英語  

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総ページ数：35   記述言語：英語   著書種別：学術書

Investment is crucial in mitigating damage caused by flooding and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) emphasizes it as a priority action. Policy makers need estimates of financial impact to consider investing in DRR, but such estimates are rarely available. This paper aims to estimate the financial gaps relating to infrastructure for flood protection in Asia and proposes polices and approaches to filling these gaps. It was found that nine major flood-prone economies in the region invested USD33.6 billion in flood protection, or 0.21 percent of their GDP, in 2015. Regression analysis suggests that the annual demand for flood protection infrastructure in developing Asia will be USD94.5 billion, or USD98.4 billion with climate change effects, for the period 2016-2030. The financing gap between future needs and current investment levels is around USD61 billion, USD65 billion with climate change effects annually, or around 0.24 percent of GDP in developing Asia. Developing economies thus need to turn flood disasters into opportunities for expanding this type of investment. By reviewing the past experience of the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, and Japan, it is clear that integrating flood protection in national development planning and formulating sectoral long-term plans are effective in securing commitment to investment. Increasing finance for climate change adaptation and mobilizing the financial resources of the private sector can be used as other sources. Also, innovative approaches are needed to decrease costs and achieve sustainability.

DOI： 10.13140/RG.2.2.24910.20800

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総ページ数：28   記述言語：英語   著書種別：学術書

Climate change impacts on natural and human systems are increasing. Often affecting fragile economic, social and political systems, climate change is considered to be a serious ‘threat multiplier’. In this document, the risks on these existing systems are understood as climate fragility risks (CFRs).
Considering CFRs in the development sector is necessary in order to address an important layer of additional current and future risks, which are largely not well understood or taken into consideration in the present development programing. The CFRs approach proposed in this document is aimed at ensuring that no one is left behind, through addressing the disproportionality that climate change impacts bring.
This document proposes six principles to manage CFRs in key development sectors, namely (1) implement interdisciplinary approach, (2) focus on vulnerable groups, (3) promote preventive and adaptive measures, (4) enhance inclusive and participatory governance, (5) allocate and manage finances for CFR effectively and efficiently, and (6) build resilient and green infrastructure.

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総ページ数：80   記述言語：英語  

This publication is developed by a group of individuals from the International
Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) at Tohoku University, Keio University, the
University of Tokyo, the United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study
of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), and Church World Service (CWS) Japan in collaboration
with the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) Multi-Hazards Program. The
case studies of the 30 innovations were selected in a series of discussions with the
group. The innovations are not limited to the 30 cases included in this publication.

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記述言語：英語   著書種別：調査報告書

“Towards Mabi’s Recovery – Lessons One Year On” is an effort of a group of professionals and practitioners through direct field observations, interviews and document review after the 2018 West Japan flooding in Mabi, Kurashiki, in the Okayama prefecture of Japan. The report builds on findings from Church World Service Japan’s earlier "Six Months Since Western Japan Flood: Lessons From Mabi" report. It identifies some of the most critical lessons from Mabi’s flood response and recovery efforts, structured around the themes of People and Communities, the Natural Environment and Organization. The analysis of these themes leads to Ways Forward which are aligned with the four Priorities for Action of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030. It is hoped that this learning contributes not only to Mabi's ongoing recovery, but is also used to inform other disaster and specifically flood responses globally.

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記述言語：英語  

Water security and water quality affect numerous economic sectors and areas: agriculture, energy, disaster management, and others. Countries need balanced and integrated approaches that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Threats related to climate change have added to the complexity, and to the importance, of water resource management. Korea’s integrated water resources management approach since the 1990s reflects the country’s “green” climate-resilient development path. The Korean Green Growth Trust Fund’s (KGGTF) 3rd “Knowledge Note”, Promoting Green Growth through Water Resources Management: the Case of Republic of Korea, outlines key responses to Korea’s water resource challenges. The report highlights the Korean Government’s “Four Major River Restoration Project (4MRRP)”, a multi-purpose, green-growth infrastructure initiative. Involving five ministries and 78 local authorities in a comprehensive and integrated approach, the Note showcases lessons from 4MRRP for other countries to learn from Korea’s experience overcoming institutional, legislative, governance, technical and financial hurdles

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総ページ数：384  

ASIN

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Science Support Foundation  

DOI： 10.5363/tits.18.10_90

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：土木学会  

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：海外建設防災協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：土木学会  

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：東京 : 省エネルギーセンター  

CiNii Research

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/7085313

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新公論社  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本河川協会  

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：海外建設防災協会  

資料形態 : テキストデータ プレーンテキスト

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：海外建設防災協会  

資料形態 : テキストデータ プレーンテキスト

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：建設広報協議会  

資料形態 : テキストデータ プレーンテキスト

CiNii Research

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

開催地：Singapore  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

開催地：Taipei  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

開催地：Nagoya  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

開催地：GENEVA  

添付ファイル： 1905GP.pdf

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：東京  

添付ファイル： 1810　土木安全　石渡.docx

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

The integrated approach of involving a wide range of stakeholders is effective in reducing flood damage, which has become serious in rapidly urbanizing
countries. This study aims at examining issues in adopting the integrated approach to mega-cities in developing countries. It reviews Japanese experience of
flood risk management at a river basin in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area as a case study. It was found that the field office of the national government played
important roles to establish a collaborative mechanism among stakeholders on the ground. The field office is at a good position to create relationships with
local communities and government offices and to respond local needs. Personal rotation system between field offices and the Headquarter of the ministry
contributed to strengthening knowledge management.

添付ファイル： KN management.pdf

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：UC Berkeley, USA  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Kyoto  

Each country has strengthened disaster risk management (DRM) by learning from past natural disasters. The study aims to examine how organizations concerned can build upon the past disaster experiences and what are barriers to learning. It compares lessons from two mega-disasters in Japan: the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake in 1995 and Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) in 2011, and examines which areas Japanese organizations and people could improve through drawing lessons from the Kobe Earthquake and respond to GEJE more properly than before. It was found that some Japanese organizations could mainstream DRM into their operations. Transport structures were not seriously damaged by earthquake shaking on March 11, 2011 and promptly reopened within a week following the earthquake. This is because infrastructure agencies had retrofitted all bridges of national highways and railways based on a lesson from the Kobe Earthquake. A wide range of emergency expert teams consisting of engineers, medical specialists, search and rescue experts and others had been established following the Kobe earthquake; and played crucial roles in responding to GEJE. It was also found that similar missteps were repeated when the mega-disasters stroke. Involving local governments and the private sector in DRM is a challenge. While various reports recommended improving management of emergency centers following the Kobe Earthquake, the same issue was pointed out again following GEJE. Private companies still need to improve business continuity plans, while many companies could not continue their business and suffered economic damages from the Kobe earthquake. While some three-fourths of the dead people at the Kobe earthquake died under collapsed old houses, retrofitting private housing is lagging behind the schedule. The study provides policy recommendations how to prepare for future disasters by learning lessons, and how to avoid similar failures.

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（基調）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（基調）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：公開講演，セミナー，チュートリアル，講習，講義等  

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