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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：東洋文庫  

The settlement of Han Chinese in Yunnan began at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, when military personnel were stationed in self-subsistence garrisons of the province's river basin and agrarian areas. When the inflow of Han immigrants reached a peak towards the end of the 18th century, a large-scale settlement began in the mountains surrounding the basins. Pu'er 普洱 tea had been cultivated prior to the 18th century by local ethnic minority peoples on the east bank of the Mekong Rivers, then the increasing Han immigrant population began to open tea gardens on the hills they occupied. Most of these tea gardens were managed by former natives of Shiping 石屏 prefecture, Yunnan, who possessed great skills in tea cultivation and processing and took on the task of procuring tea for the Qing Dynasty court, a privilege that enabled them to enhance their presence in local society. In addition to their skills in tea cultivation and processing, the Shiping natives possessed mining skills and were highly literate. By developing highly skilled teams of experts, they were able to settle and build guild halls in south Yunnan around Shiping, thereby gradually expanding their network. From the 20th century on, the Pu'er tea cultivated by the immigrants from Shiping became linked to huge markets along China's coast, such as Hongkong, which was developing within the expansion of the intra-Asia trade, which in turn created expanded demand for Pu'er tea. Furthermore, Shiping growers also settled in Menghai 猛海 on the west bank of the Mekong River and transferred their skills in high-quality tea processing to local inhabitants, thus tapping new markets and bringing about great improvements in the Menghai economy. When discussing the history of Han immigrants in Yunnan, many historians have tended to focus on rebellions staged by ethnic minorities in southwest China，emphasizing the aspect of conflict between indigenous peoples and Han immigrants. In this article the author offers a new perspective citing the case of Han immigrants from Shiping who were able to settle into indigenous society peacefully by employing and transferring their high-level technological skills. Yunnan Province and especially the Pu'er region, which is situated in the southernmost corner of Yunnan, are generally regarded as being isolated from the outer world due to the province's geographical features. In contrast, this article points to the fact that from the last years of the Qing Dynasty through the Republican era, this area continued to be incorporated into the intra-Asian economy through the export of Pu'er tea to Hongkong.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点（ICIS）  

メコン川東岸に位置する普洱茶の産地、雲南省西双版納傣族自治州猛臘県易武郷及び漫臘郷一帯では、18世紀末以降漢人移民の経済活動が活発化するに伴い、周辺地域への茶園の拡大が起こった。 このきっかけとなったのが、清朝政府が雍正年間に行なった直轄地化である。これ以降、石屏漢人の入植が進んだ。そして、その一方で、茶山管理の責任を負わされた倚邦土把総曹氏と易武土把総伍氏は貢茶献納の負担に苦しみ、当地で茶園を営む石屏漢人移民の協力を必要とするようになったのである。そこで、両土司が出資する形で漫撒に石屏会館が建設され、「漫撒新建石屏会館記」が立てられた。寄付者として両者の名を刻んだ同碑文は、この地を訪れる石屏漢人に彼らの入植の正当性を示し、この地域への移住を促し、茶園開発を後押しする要因の一つとなった。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：国立歴史民俗博物館  

雲南への漢人移民の進出は，14世紀に明朝の版図に組み入れられたことに始まり，人口爆発に伴う大量の漢人移民の流入を迎えた18世紀末にそのピークに達する。従来，雲南の移民史において，雲南省外の他地域から移住してくる漢人移民の動向に焦点が集まりがちであり，省内の移民についてはほとんど省みられてこなかった。本稿では，石屏の事例を通して，こうした一方的な議論に対して別の見方を提示する。石屏盆地では明代に屯田が設置されたことをきっかけに漢人移民が入植し，官主導による耕地開発が始まった。この際に官側は，（1）貯水池灌漑（2）水車利用による灌漑（3）囲田といった水利技術を活用し，治水工事と合わせて，耕地面積を拡大していった。その結果，石屏では人口増加が引き起こされ，他地域への移住へとつながる環境が整えられたのである。さらに官は，耕地開発で得た経済力を背景として人材の育成を目指し，教育施設の充実を図った。官主導の教育の普及と耕地開発の恩恵が民にも及んだことで，民間経営による私塾が登場し，優秀な人材を多数輩出するようになった。彼らは科挙に合格し，官吏として全国に散っていっただけでなく，教師としても周辺地域から招聘を受けた。そして，こうした人々が地縁を中心としたネットワークを構築することで移民活動の一助となった。すなわち，石屏盆地において，官の水利事業による耕地面積の拡大が，人口増大を可能にし，民が移住する社会的環境を作り上げたのである。雲南の移民史を論じる上で，これまで指摘されてきたような他省からの移住という視点だけでなく，石屏盆地の事例の如く，雲南省内の耕地開発が発端となり，地元社会内部から移住へとつながる動きが生じてきたことにも目を向けるべきであろう。This article deals with the opening up of agricultural land by Han immigrants in Shiping county, Honghe region, and their settlement into the surrounding area in Shiping during the Ming and Qing period (1386 A. D.-1911 A. D.) . The settlement of Han people in Yunnan began at the end of the 14th century, and their inflow reached a peak in latter half of the 18th century.When discussing the history of the immigrants in Yunnan, many historians note the inflow of Han Chinese from places outside Yunnan. Here, I present the new idea that the immigrant activity originated in the local society of Yunnan.By the end of the 14th century, Ming Dynasty expanded into the south-western part of China and established military colonies in the surrounding area at strategic points. Some of them who were Han people settled in the Shiping basin, and began to reclaim the land under regional government leadership, when the regional government applied some kinds of irrigation technique to cultivate new fields, and built dikes and dredged the mud to control flood. Around the lakeside areas where the water is abundant, they performed drainage construction, and on the flat land where water is short, then built reservoirs for irrigation. The success of this increased production capacity, and the subsequent population increase caused people to immigrate from Shiping to other areas.In addition to such work, the regional government established many kinds of schools with the income that they got from opening up new agricultural land. Subsequently many private schools were established around the Shiping basin. These private schools turned out many talented people, and a number of them passed the examination for government officials (Keju) . In particular, by the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, a one-fifth of the candidates who passed the examination in Yunnan were from Shiping county. As the number of successful candidates increased, their fame rose in the southern part of Yunnan. As a result, they were invited to work as teacher at schools in other areas surrounding Shiping. They built up a network mainly on the shared territorial bonding, and supported migration activities.In this article I emphasize the importance of immigrant activity which originated in the local society of Yunnan.

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記述言語：中国語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：東南アジア考古学会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：中央大学人文科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：白東史学会  

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開催地：東京  

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開催地：東京  

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開催地：京都  

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開催地：東京・東京大学  

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開催地：東京・中央大学駿河台記念館  

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開催地：東京  

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開催地：東京・青山学院大学  

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開催地：中国・上海  

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開催地：千葉  

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開催地：東京  

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開催地：中国・昆明  

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開催地：東京（法政大学）  

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開催地：中国・昆明  

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